如何在 Python 中的 child class 中略微修改 parent init() 的继承属性？

Question

代码如下：

def some_function1():
    pass

def some_function2():
    pass

def some_function3():
    pass

def some_function4():
    pass

class ReporterClass():
    def __init__(self, data_reporter):
        self.data_reporter = data_reporter

class ParentClass():
    def __init__(self, param1, param2):
        self.param1 = param1
        self.param2 = param2
        self.datacollector = ReporterClass(data_reporter={
            'Report info 1': some_function1,
            'Report info 2': some_function2,
            'Report info 3': some_function3,
            })

class ChildClass(ParentClass):
    def __init__(self, param1, param2):
        self.param1 = param1
        self.param2 = param2
        self.datacollector = ReporterClass(data_reporter={
            'Report info 1': some_function1,
            'Report info 2': some_function2,
            'Report info 3': some_function3,
            'Report info 4': some_function4,
            })

这在这个玩具示例中工作正常，但我在实际代码中遇到的问题是 __init__() 中有很多参数，例如 param1... param100.同样，data_reporter 中有许多字典项，例如 Report info 1 ... Report info 100。我喜欢通过将 'Report info 4': some_function4 添加到 ChildClass 中的 self.datacollector 来简单地进行修改，而不必完全覆盖 parent 的 __init__() 并且不必重复所有参数代码。任何提示或建议将不胜感激。

--- 编辑 ---

再详细解释一下。根据建议，我会将 child class 创建为 ChildClass1。但是，我的class在初始化的时候有很多参数。不仅需要全部写在childclass'__init__()，还需要"repeat"写在super().__init__()。所以想知道有没有更方便更优雅的方法，不用再赘述了。类似于 ChildClass2?

class ChildClass1(ParentClass):
    def __init__(self, 
                        param1, 
                        param2,
                        ., # Very long list of parameters
                        .,
                        .,
                        param100,
    ):
        super().__init__(
                        param1, 
                        param2,
                        ., # Very long list of parameters
                        .,
                        .,
                        param100
                        )
        self.datacollector.data_reporter['Report info 4'] = some_function4

class ChildClass2(ParentClass):
    def __init__(self, *args):
        some_var_to_store_parent_init_params = super().__init__.attr

        for param in some_var_to_store_parent_init_params:
            # somehow assign it back to ChildClass' args

        super().__init__(some_var_to_store_parent_init_params)

        self.datacollector.data_reporter['Report info 4'] = some_function4

Answer 1

假设我正确理解了您的问题，以下内容是否符合您的要求？

class MaybeWorks:
    def __init__(self, num_funcs, *args):
        for k, arg in enumerate(args):
            setattr(self, 'param'+str(k+1), arg)
        data_reporter=dict()
        for k in range(num_funcs):
            data_reporter['Report info '+str(k+1)] = globals()['some_function'+str(k+1)]
        self.datacollector = ReporterClass(data_reporter)

Answer 2

调用super()__init__()将帮助您很好地重用父__init__；然后你可以在 ChildClass

的 'ReporterClass.datacollector' 属性中添加必要的附加功能

您可以进一步重构构建 ReporterClass.datacollector 的方式以使用参数填充它 - 相反，在这里，在调用 super().

之后直接添加其他值

def some_function1(): pass    
def some_function2(): pass
def some_function3(): pass
def some_function4(): pass


class ReporterClass:
    def __init__(self, data_reporter):
        self.data_reporter = data_reporter


class ParentClass:
    def __init__(self, param1, param2):
        self.param1 = param1
        self.param2 = param2
        self._data_reporter = {'Report info 1': some_function1,
                               'Report info 2': some_function2,
                               'Report info 3': some_function3}
        self.datacollector = ReporterClass(self._data_reporter)


class ChildClass(ParentClass):
    def __init__(self, param1, param2):
        super().__init__(param1, param2)
        self.datacollector.data_reporter['Report info 4'] = some_function4


if __name__ == '__main__':

    print(ParentClass(1, 2).datacollector.data_reporter)
    print(ChildClass(3, 4).datacollector.data_reporter)

[编辑] ----------

如果您发现处理许多参数很麻烦，可以使用 args、kwargs，如下所示：

class ParentClass:
    def __init__(self, *args):
        self.param1, self.param2 = args
        self._data_reporter = {'Report info 1': some_function1,
                               'Report info 2': some_function2,
                               'Report info 3': some_function3}
        self.datacollector = ReporterClass(self._data_reporter)


class ChildClass(ParentClass):
    def __init__(self, *args):
        super().__init__(*args)
        self.datacollector.data_reporter['Report info 4'] = some_function4


if __name__ == '__main__':

    print(ParentClass(1, 2).datacollector.data_reporter)
    print(ChildClass(3, 4).datacollector.data_reporter)

如何在 Python 中的 child class 中略微修改 parent init() 的继承属性？

How to slightly modify an inherited attribute from parent init() with minimal changes in the child class in Python?

oop

inheritance

initialization

class

python-3.x

[编辑] ----------

如何在 Python 中的 child class 中略微修改 parent __init__() 的继承属性？

How to slightly modify an inherited attribute from parent __init__() with minimal changes in the child class in Python?

oop

inheritance

initialization

class

python-3.x

[编辑] ----------

如何在 Python 中的 child class 中略微修改 parent init() 的继承属性？

How to slightly modify an inherited attribute from parent init() with minimal changes in the child class in Python?