如何使用 Lisp 将数字列表转换为分隔的字符串？
How to convert a list of numbers to separated strings using Lisp?
给定以下代码：
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Copyright (C) 2014 Wojciech Siewierski ;;
;; ;;
;; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify ;;
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ;;
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or ;;
;; (at your option) any later version. ;;
;; ;;
;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ;;
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;;
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ;;
;; GNU General Public License for more details. ;;
;; ;;
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ;;
;; along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
(defvar *output*)
(defvar *indent*)
(defun format-tag (symbol &optional arg)
(cond
((equal arg 'begin)
(format nil "~{~a~}<~(~a~)" *indent* symbol))
((equal arg 'end)
(format nil "~{~a~}<~(/~a~)>~%" *indent* symbol))
(t
(format nil "~{~a~}~a~%" *indent* symbol))))
(defun sexp-to-xml--inside-tag (sexp)
(if sexp
(if (listp (car sexp))
(progn
(sexp-to-xml--new-tag (car sexp))
(sexp-to-xml--inside-tag (cdr sexp)))
(progn
(push (format-tag
(string (car sexp)))
*output*)
(sexp-to-xml--inside-tag (cdr sexp))))))
(defun sexp-to-xml--attrs (plist)
(when plist
(push (format nil " ~(~a~)=~s"
(car plist)
(cadr plist))
*output*)
(sexp-to-xml--attrs (cddr plist))))
(defun sexp-to-xml--new-tag (sexp)
(if (listp (car sexp))
(progn
(push (format-tag (caar sexp) 'begin)
*output*)
(sexp-to-xml--attrs (cdar sexp)))
(push (format-tag (car sexp) 'begin)
*output*))
(unless (cdr sexp)
(push (format nil " /")
*output*))
(push (format nil ">~%")
*output*)
(let ((*indent* (cons " " *indent*)))
(sexp-to-xml--inside-tag (cdr sexp)))
(when (cdr sexp)
(push (format-tag (if (listp (car sexp))
(caar sexp)
(car sexp))
'end)
*output*)))
(defun sexp-to-xml-unquoted (&rest sexps)
(apply #'concatenate 'string
(apply #'concatenate 'list
(loop for sexp in sexps collecting
(let ((*output* nil)
(*indent* nil))
(reverse (sexp-to-xml--new-tag sexp)))))))
(defmacro sexp-to-xml (&rest sexps)
`(format *standard-output* "~a"
(sexp-to-xml-unquoted ,@(loop for sexp in sexps collecting
`(quote ,sexp)))))
(defun file-get-contents (filename)
(with-open-file (stream filename)
(let ((contents (make-string (file-length stream))))
(read-sequence contents stream)
contents)))
(defun file-get-lines (filename)
(with-open-file (stream filename)
(loop for line = (read-line stream nil)
while line
collect line)))
(defun list-to-string (lst)
(format nil "~{~A~}" lst))
(defun test1()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(format t (sexp-to-xml-unquoted (read-from-string "(head (title \"my-site\"))")))
)
)
(defun test2()
(let((input (file-get-lines "sample2.sexp")))
(loop for sexp in input do (print (write-to-string sexp)))
)
)
(defun test3()
(let((input (file-get-lines "sample2.sexp")))
(format t (list-to-string input))
)
)
(defun :str->lst (str / i lst)
(repeat (setq i (strlen str))
(setq lst (cons (substr str (1+ (setq i (1- i))) 1) lst))))
(defun print-elements-recursively (list)
(when list ; do-again-test
(print (car list)) ; body
(print-elements-recursively ; recursive call
(cdr list)))) ; next-step-expression
(defun tokenize( str )(read-from-string (concatenate 'string "(" str
")")))
(defun test4()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(print-elements-recursively (tokenize input) )
)
)
(defun test5()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(print (sexp-to-xml-unquoted (tokenize input)))
)
)
(defun test6()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(loop for sexp in (tokenize input) do (
with-input-from-string (s (write-to-string sexp) )
(print ( sexp-to-xml-unquoted (read s)) )
)
)
)
)
(defun test7()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(loop for sexp in (tokenize input) do (
print sexp
)
)
)
)
(defun test8()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(format t (sexp-to-xml-unquoted (read-from-string input)))
)
)
我想序列化为一个 xml 文件，特别是这个示例文件：
(supertux-tiles
(tilegroup
(name (_ "Snow"))
(tiles
7 8 9 202
13 14 15 204
10 11 12 206
16 17 18 205
30 31 114 113
21 22 19 203
20 23 207 208
3044 3045 3046 3047
3048 3049 3050 3051
3052 3053 3054 3055
3056 3057 3058 3059
2134 115 116 214
2135 117 118 1539
3249 3250 3251 3252
3253 3254 3255 3256
3261 3262 3263 3264
3265 3266 3267 3268
2121 2122 2123 0
2126 2127 2128 0
2131 2132 2133 0
2124 2125 0 0
2129 2130 0 0
2909 2910 2913 2914
2911 2912 2915 2916
1834 0 0 1835
2917 2918 2921 2922
2919 2920 2923 2924
0 1826 1827 0
1829 1830 1831 1832
1833 1834 1835 1836
3139 3140 3141 3142
3143 3144 3145 3146
0 3147 3148 0
3149 0 0 3150
3151 3152 3153 3154
3155 3156 3157 3158
0 1835 1834 0
1837 1838 1843 1844
1839 1840 1845 1846
1841 1842 1847 1848
0 0 1849 1850
2925 2926 2929 2930
0 2928 2931 0
0 0 2937 2940
2933 2935 2938 2941
2934 2936 2939 2942
2050 2051 2060 2061
2055 2056 2065 2066
2052 2053 2054 0
2057 2058 2059 0
2062 2063 2064 0
0 2067 2068 2069
0 2072 2073 2074
2075 2079 2076 2070
2077 2073 2078 2071
2178 3038 3039 3040
2406 3041 3042 3043
2155 2156 2157 2163
2158 2159 2154 2164
2160 2161 2162 2165
2166 2167 2168 2169
2170 2171 2172 2173
2174 2175 2176 2177
2384 2385 2386 2949
2387 2388 2389 2950
2390 2391 2392 2951
2393 2394 2395 2952
2953 2954 2955 2956
2957 2962 2398 2396
2958 2961 2399 2397
2959 2960 2997 2998
0 0 2963 2969
2975 2979 2964 2970
2976 2980 2965 2971
2977 2981 2966 2972
2978 2982 2967 2973
0 0 2968 2974
0 2986 2990 0
2983 2987 2991 2994
2984 2988 2992 2995
2985 2989 2993 2996
33 32 34 1741
35 37 39 1740
38 36 43 1739
40 41 42 1815
119 121 120 1816
)
)
)
但是使用test8却报错：
7 is not a string designator.
这让我写了一个这样的文件：
(超级瓷砖
（瓷砖组
(姓名(_"Snow"))
（瓷砖
“7”
)
)
)
然后可以正常编译并生成 xml，但我不知道如何将所有整数转换为它们的字符串表示形式，从列表中读取。我尝试解析字符串并使用写入字符串的方法，但我想我遗漏了一些东西。
如有帮助将不胜感激。
谢谢！
-- 编辑--
按照 coredump 的建议，使用 princ-to-string 更改字符串修复了字符串中原始数字的解析评估，但是，当尝试评估诸如 t 之类的符号时，会发生这种情况：
no dispatch function defined for #\T
使用以下示例
(tile
; dupe of tile 70, this one will be removed.
(id 63)
(deprecated #t)
(images
"tilesets/background/backgroundtile1.png"
)
)
不过，看起来对 Lisp 外部变量的求值将仅通过检查 "t" xml 标记来保留。
问题解决了。
在 google 上快速搜索会导致以下存储库 (https://github.com/Vifon/sexp-to-xml/blob/master/sexp-to-xml.lisp)；链接代码足以重现错误。请注意，当我从 Emacs/Slime 内部 运行 时，调试器显示回溯：
0: (STRING 7)
1: (SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG (7 8 9 202 13 14 ...))
2: (SEXP-TO-XML--NEW-TAG (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...))
3: (SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG ((TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...)))
4: (SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG ((NAME (_ "Snow")) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...)))
5: (SEXP-TO-XML--NEW-TAG (TILEGROUP (NAME (_ "Snow")) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...)))
6: (SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG ((TILEGROUP (NAME #) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...))))
7: (SEXP-TO-XML--NEW-TAG (SUPERTUX-TILES (TILEGROUP (NAME #) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...))))
8: (SEXP-TO-XML-UNQUOTED (SUPERTUX-TILES (TILEGROUP (NAME #) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...))))
在上面列出的各种堆栈帧上按 v，我可以在调用堆栈中找到代码当前暂停的位置。
我没有加载 lisp 文件，只是评估了当前 Emacs 缓冲区中的不同形式，因此没有与函数关联的源文件。然而，存储 AST 形式是为了调试目的，调试器可以查明当前代码执行的位置，包装在伪造的 (#:***HERE*** ...) 形式中：
(SB-INT:NAMED-LAMBDA SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG
(SEXP)
(BLOCK SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG
(IF SEXP
(IF (LISTP (CAR SEXP))
(PROGN
(SEXP-TO-XML--NEW-TAG (CAR SEXP))
(SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG (CDR SEXP)))
(PROGN
(PUSH (FORMAT-TAG (#:***HERE*** (STRING (CAR SEXP)))) *OUTPUT*)
(SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG (CDR SEXP)))))))
对任意值调用 string 将不起作用，您需要将其替换为 sexp-to-xml--inside-tag 中的 princ-to-string。然后它按预期工作。
给定以下代码：
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Copyright (C) 2014 Wojciech Siewierski ;;
;; ;;
;; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify ;;
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ;;
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or ;;
;; (at your option) any later version. ;;
;; ;;
;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ;;
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ;;
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ;;
;; GNU General Public License for more details. ;;
;; ;;
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ;;
;; along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
(defvar *output*)
(defvar *indent*)
(defun format-tag (symbol &optional arg)
(cond
((equal arg 'begin)
(format nil "~{~a~}<~(~a~)" *indent* symbol))
((equal arg 'end)
(format nil "~{~a~}<~(/~a~)>~%" *indent* symbol))
(t
(format nil "~{~a~}~a~%" *indent* symbol))))
(defun sexp-to-xml--inside-tag (sexp)
(if sexp
(if (listp (car sexp))
(progn
(sexp-to-xml--new-tag (car sexp))
(sexp-to-xml--inside-tag (cdr sexp)))
(progn
(push (format-tag
(string (car sexp)))
*output*)
(sexp-to-xml--inside-tag (cdr sexp))))))
(defun sexp-to-xml--attrs (plist)
(when plist
(push (format nil " ~(~a~)=~s"
(car plist)
(cadr plist))
*output*)
(sexp-to-xml--attrs (cddr plist))))
(defun sexp-to-xml--new-tag (sexp)
(if (listp (car sexp))
(progn
(push (format-tag (caar sexp) 'begin)
*output*)
(sexp-to-xml--attrs (cdar sexp)))
(push (format-tag (car sexp) 'begin)
*output*))
(unless (cdr sexp)
(push (format nil " /")
*output*))
(push (format nil ">~%")
*output*)
(let ((*indent* (cons " " *indent*)))
(sexp-to-xml--inside-tag (cdr sexp)))
(when (cdr sexp)
(push (format-tag (if (listp (car sexp))
(caar sexp)
(car sexp))
'end)
*output*)))
(defun sexp-to-xml-unquoted (&rest sexps)
(apply #'concatenate 'string
(apply #'concatenate 'list
(loop for sexp in sexps collecting
(let ((*output* nil)
(*indent* nil))
(reverse (sexp-to-xml--new-tag sexp)))))))
(defmacro sexp-to-xml (&rest sexps)
`(format *standard-output* "~a"
(sexp-to-xml-unquoted ,@(loop for sexp in sexps collecting
`(quote ,sexp)))))
(defun file-get-contents (filename)
(with-open-file (stream filename)
(let ((contents (make-string (file-length stream))))
(read-sequence contents stream)
contents)))
(defun file-get-lines (filename)
(with-open-file (stream filename)
(loop for line = (read-line stream nil)
while line
collect line)))
(defun list-to-string (lst)
(format nil "~{~A~}" lst))
(defun test1()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(format t (sexp-to-xml-unquoted (read-from-string "(head (title \"my-site\"))")))
)
)
(defun test2()
(let((input (file-get-lines "sample2.sexp")))
(loop for sexp in input do (print (write-to-string sexp)))
)
)
(defun test3()
(let((input (file-get-lines "sample2.sexp")))
(format t (list-to-string input))
)
)
(defun :str->lst (str / i lst)
(repeat (setq i (strlen str))
(setq lst (cons (substr str (1+ (setq i (1- i))) 1) lst))))
(defun print-elements-recursively (list)
(when list ; do-again-test
(print (car list)) ; body
(print-elements-recursively ; recursive call
(cdr list)))) ; next-step-expression
(defun tokenize( str )(read-from-string (concatenate 'string "(" str
")")))
(defun test4()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(print-elements-recursively (tokenize input) )
)
)
(defun test5()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(print (sexp-to-xml-unquoted (tokenize input)))
)
)
(defun test6()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(loop for sexp in (tokenize input) do (
with-input-from-string (s (write-to-string sexp) )
(print ( sexp-to-xml-unquoted (read s)) )
)
)
)
)
(defun test7()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(loop for sexp in (tokenize input) do (
print sexp
)
)
)
)
(defun test8()
(let((input (file-get-contents "sample2.sexp")))
(format t (sexp-to-xml-unquoted (read-from-string input)))
)
)
我想序列化为一个 xml 文件，特别是这个示例文件：
(supertux-tiles
(tilegroup
(name (_ "Snow"))
(tiles
7 8 9 202
13 14 15 204
10 11 12 206
16 17 18 205
30 31 114 113
21 22 19 203
20 23 207 208
3044 3045 3046 3047
3048 3049 3050 3051
3052 3053 3054 3055
3056 3057 3058 3059
2134 115 116 214
2135 117 118 1539
3249 3250 3251 3252
3253 3254 3255 3256
3261 3262 3263 3264
3265 3266 3267 3268
2121 2122 2123 0
2126 2127 2128 0
2131 2132 2133 0
2124 2125 0 0
2129 2130 0 0
2909 2910 2913 2914
2911 2912 2915 2916
1834 0 0 1835
2917 2918 2921 2922
2919 2920 2923 2924
0 1826 1827 0
1829 1830 1831 1832
1833 1834 1835 1836
3139 3140 3141 3142
3143 3144 3145 3146
0 3147 3148 0
3149 0 0 3150
3151 3152 3153 3154
3155 3156 3157 3158
0 1835 1834 0
1837 1838 1843 1844
1839 1840 1845 1846
1841 1842 1847 1848
0 0 1849 1850
2925 2926 2929 2930
0 2928 2931 0
0 0 2937 2940
2933 2935 2938 2941
2934 2936 2939 2942
2050 2051 2060 2061
2055 2056 2065 2066
2052 2053 2054 0
2057 2058 2059 0
2062 2063 2064 0
0 2067 2068 2069
0 2072 2073 2074
2075 2079 2076 2070
2077 2073 2078 2071
2178 3038 3039 3040
2406 3041 3042 3043
2155 2156 2157 2163
2158 2159 2154 2164
2160 2161 2162 2165
2166 2167 2168 2169
2170 2171 2172 2173
2174 2175 2176 2177
2384 2385 2386 2949
2387 2388 2389 2950
2390 2391 2392 2951
2393 2394 2395 2952
2953 2954 2955 2956
2957 2962 2398 2396
2958 2961 2399 2397
2959 2960 2997 2998
0 0 2963 2969
2975 2979 2964 2970
2976 2980 2965 2971
2977 2981 2966 2972
2978 2982 2967 2973
0 0 2968 2974
0 2986 2990 0
2983 2987 2991 2994
2984 2988 2992 2995
2985 2989 2993 2996
33 32 34 1741
35 37 39 1740
38 36 43 1739
40 41 42 1815
119 121 120 1816
)
)
)
但是使用test8却报错：
7 is not a string designator.
这让我写了一个这样的文件：
(超级瓷砖 （瓷砖组 (姓名(_"Snow")) （瓷砖 “7” ) ) )
然后可以正常编译并生成 xml，但我不知道如何将所有整数转换为它们的字符串表示形式，从列表中读取。我尝试解析字符串并使用写入字符串的方法，但我想我遗漏了一些东西。
如有帮助将不胜感激。
谢谢！
-- 编辑--
按照 coredump 的建议，使用 princ-to-string 更改字符串修复了字符串中原始数字的解析评估，但是，当尝试评估诸如 t 之类的符号时，会发生这种情况：
no dispatch function defined for #\T
使用以下示例
(tile
; dupe of tile 70, this one will be removed.
(id 63)
(deprecated #t)
(images
"tilesets/background/backgroundtile1.png"
)
)
不过，看起来对 Lisp 外部变量的求值将仅通过检查 "t" xml 标记来保留。
问题解决了。
在 google 上快速搜索会导致以下存储库 (https://github.com/Vifon/sexp-to-xml/blob/master/sexp-to-xml.lisp)；链接代码足以重现错误。请注意，当我从 Emacs/Slime 内部 运行 时，调试器显示回溯：
0: (STRING 7)
1: (SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG (7 8 9 202 13 14 ...))
2: (SEXP-TO-XML--NEW-TAG (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...))
3: (SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG ((TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...)))
4: (SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG ((NAME (_ "Snow")) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...)))
5: (SEXP-TO-XML--NEW-TAG (TILEGROUP (NAME (_ "Snow")) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...)))
6: (SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG ((TILEGROUP (NAME #) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...))))
7: (SEXP-TO-XML--NEW-TAG (SUPERTUX-TILES (TILEGROUP (NAME #) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...))))
8: (SEXP-TO-XML-UNQUOTED (SUPERTUX-TILES (TILEGROUP (NAME #) (TILES 7 8 9 202 13 ...))))
在上面列出的各种堆栈帧上按 v，我可以在调用堆栈中找到代码当前暂停的位置。
我没有加载 lisp 文件，只是评估了当前 Emacs 缓冲区中的不同形式，因此没有与函数关联的源文件。然而，存储 AST 形式是为了调试目的，调试器可以查明当前代码执行的位置，包装在伪造的 (#:***HERE*** ...) 形式中：
(SB-INT:NAMED-LAMBDA SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG
(SEXP)
(BLOCK SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG
(IF SEXP
(IF (LISTP (CAR SEXP))
(PROGN
(SEXP-TO-XML--NEW-TAG (CAR SEXP))
(SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG (CDR SEXP)))
(PROGN
(PUSH (FORMAT-TAG (#:***HERE*** (STRING (CAR SEXP)))) *OUTPUT*)
(SEXP-TO-XML--INSIDE-TAG (CDR SEXP)))))))
对任意值调用 string 将不起作用，您需要将其替换为 sexp-to-xml--inside-tag 中的 princ-to-string。然后它按预期工作。