C++:递归地用另一个字母替换字符串中一个字母的所有实例

C++: recursively replace all instances of a letter in a string with another letter

我正在复习一些教科书 C++ 问题,其中一个是编写一个函数,该函数递归地 将字符串中某个字母的所有实例替换为另一个字母。我知道这有预先存在的功能,但是因为本章着重于递归,所以这道题坚持认为解决方案必须是递归的。所以我用 C++ 写了所有这些,这很好,但后来我阅读了问题的脚注,它说的是:"for the manipulation of string objects, only the methods at and length (i.e. size) are allowed as well as the operator +"。哇?我只是不明白如果没有 str.substr(pos,len) 你怎么能做到这一点,但如果有人能找到办法,我会很高兴。非常感谢那个特别的人哟。

这是我的仓鼠大脑能想出的最好的代码(也是在开始时注释掉的一个小的迭代替代方案)。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

// iterative solution
/* string replace (string in, char from, char to) {
  string res;
  for (int i{0}; i < in.length(); i++) {
    if (in.at(i) == from)
      res += to;
    else
      res += in.at(i);
    }
  return res;
} */

// recursive solution
string replace (string in, char from, char to) {
  if (in.empty())
    return "";
  char first{in.at(0)};
  if (first == from)
    return to + replace (in.substr(1), from, to);
  else
    return in.at(0) + replace (in.substr(1), from, to);
}

int main () {
  string in;
  char from, to;
  cout << "Word: ";
  cin >> in;
  cout << "from: ";
  cin >> from;
  cout << "to: ";
  cin >> to;
  cout << in << " --> " << replace (in, from, to) << '\n';
  return 0;
}

只需提供一个跟踪索引的默认参数:

string replace(string in, char from, char to, int i = 0) 
{
  if (i == in.length()) 
    return in;
  if (in.at(i) == from) 
    in.at(i) = to;
  return replace(in, from, to, i + 1);
}

这是 demo

这只使用了at()length(),甚至没有使用+

此外,请避免 using namespace std;,这是不好的做法。

考虑到脚注

I read the footnote to the question and what it says is: "for the manipulation of string objects, only the methods at and length (i.e. size) are allowed as well as the operator +".

函数看起来应该如下所示

std::string & replace( std::string &in, char from, char to, std::string::size_type pos = 0 )
{
    if ( pos < in.size() )
    {
        if ( in.at( pos ) == from )
        {
            in.at( pos ) = to;
        }

        replace( in, from, to, pos + 1 );
    }

    return in;
}   

这是一个演示程序

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

std::string & replace( std::string &in, char from, char to, std::string::size_type pos = 0 )
{
    if ( pos != in.size() )
    {
        if ( in.at( pos ) == from )
        {
            in.at( pos ) = to;
        }

        replace( in, from, to, pos + 1 );
    }

    return in;
}   

int main() 
{
    std::string in( "Hell& W&rld!" );
    char from = '&';
    char to = 'o';

    std::cout << in << " --> "; 
    std::cout << replace( in, from, to ) << '\n';

    return 0;
}

它的输出是

Hell& W&rld! --> Hello World!

考虑到 "to replace all instances of a letter in a string with another letter" 意味着必须更改源字符串。这反过来意味着源字符串必须通过引用传递给函数。