我可以使用在 class 构造函数中初始化的 ofstream 类型的成员变量吗?

Can I use a member variable of type ofstream initialized in the class constructor?

我在声明继承 class 的构造函数时遇到问题。

class Report{
public:
    string fileName;
    std::ofstream outputFile;

    Report(string fileName, ofstream outputFile) {

        fileName = fileName;
        outputFile = outputFile; //<-- error here
    }

    void returnFile(string, ofstream);

    void Report::returnFile(string name, ofstream file){

         file.open(name);
    }
};

class financialReport: public Report{
public:
    void electorateHappenings();
    void electorialImpact();
    double finances();
    void writetoFile();

    financialReport(string fileName, ofstream outputFile)
    :Report(fileName, outputFile) { } //<-- error here
};

错误发生在倒数第 3 行 :Report(fileName, outputFile)

此行产生错误:

function "std::basic_ofstream<_CharT, _Traits>::basic_ofstream(const
 std::basic_ofstream<_CharT, _Traits> &) [with _CharT=char, 
_Traits=std::char_traits<char>]" (declared at line 848 of 
"C:\MinGW\lib\gcc\mingw32.2.0\include\c++\fstream") cannot be referenced 
-- it is a deleted function

是否不能创建包含ofstream的构造函数?

错误也发生在第 9 行 outputFile = outputFile

谢谢。

不能拷贝传,不能拷贝一个,但是可以传引用,在class的初始化列表中初始化:

Demo

class Report {
public:
    string fileName;
    std::ofstream &outputFile; //reference here

    // reference parameter, and initializer list
    Report(string fileName, ofstream &outputFile) : outputFile(outputFile) {
        fileName = fileName;
    }
    //...
};

financialReport中做同样的事情:

financialReport(string fileName, ofstream& outputFile) : Report(fileName, outputFile) {}
                                         ^

请注意,这是对问题中提出的问题的解决方案,正常情况下,但在更深入的分析中,虽然您没有详细说明您要实现的目标,但我不会这样做虽然可以说这是一种错误的方法,但您很有可能会以更好的方式构建您的程序。

是的,可以,但是错误提示您不能复制 std::ofstream 的对象。

根据你想做什么,有两种处理方式。

std::ofstream 的所有权传递给您新创建的对象:

Report(string fileName, ofstream outputFile) :
    fileName{std::move(outputFile)},
    outputFile{std::move(outputFile)}
{
}

//creation of object:
std::ofstream ofs {"filename.txt"};
Report report {"filename.txt", std::move(ofs)};
//ofs is empty here, it's whole content has been transferred to report object

传递对现有 std::ofstream 对象的引用:

class Report{
public:
  string fileName;
  std::ofstream& outputFile;

Report(string fileName, ofstream& outputFile) :
    fileName{std::move(outputFile)},
    outputFile{outputFile}
{
}

//creation of object:
std::ofstream ofs {"filename.txt}";
Report report {"filename.txt", ofs};
//you can use ofs from both here and from inside of report, but 
//you have to ensure that ofs lives as long as report will use it or else you will enter Undefined Behaviour land

注意:如果您希望 class 成员和构造函数参数具有相同的名称,您需要像我一样使用 member initializer list。如果您决定使用引用,您也必须使用它。