Spring WebFlux WebClient - 如何解决 400 错误请求
Spring WebFlux WebClient - How to resolve 400 Bad Request
我是反应式编程的新手，我正在使用 Spring WebFlux 的 WebClient 向下面的 URL 发出 POST 请求，作为我 Spring 启动的一部分将现有测验分配给候选人的应用程序。我无法理解我在构建 WebClient 请求时做错了什么。
End-point
https://www.flexiquiz.com/api/v1/users/{user_id}/quizzes
在我的请求 body 中，我需要传递我从另一个 API 获得的测验 ID（工作正常）。
{
"quiz_id": ""
}
除了传递请求 body，我还将 X-API-KEY 作为请求的一部分传递 header.
但是，当我尝试点击 end-point 时，出现 {"message":"400: Bad Request"} 错误。
下面是我的代码。
QuizRequest.java
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
@Data
public class QuizRequest {
@JsonProperty("quiz_id")
@NotBlank
private String quizId;
public QuizRequest(@NotBlank String quizId) {
this.quizId = quizId;
}
}
FlexiQuizClient.java
@Service
@Slf4j
public class FlexiQuizClient {
private static final String USER_AGENT = "WebClient for FlexiQuiz";
private final WebClient webClient;
@Value("${flexiquiz.baseurl}")
private String FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL;
@Value("${flexiquiz.key}")
private String FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY;
@Autowired
public FlexiQuizClient() {
this.webClient = WebClient.builder()
.baseUrl(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL)
.defaultHeader(HttpHeaders.USER_AGENT, USER_AGENT)
.filter(logRequest())
.build();
}
public String assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, QuizRequest quizRequest) {
return Objects.requireNonNull(webClient.post()
.uri(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL + "/v1/users/" + userId + "/quizzes")
.header("X-API-KEY", FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY)
.body(Mono.just(quizRequest), QuizRequest.class)
.exchange()
.block())
.bodyToMono(String.class)
.block();
}
private ExchangeFilterFunction logRequest() {
return (clientRequest, next) -> {
log.info("Request: {} {}", clientRequest.method(), clientRequest.url());
clientRequest.headers()
.forEach((name, values) -> values.forEach(value -> log.info("{}={}", name, value)));
return next.exchange(clientRequest);
};
}
}
在我的资源 class（控制器）中，我正在调用网络客户端方法，如下所示：
ResponseResource.java
private String assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, QuizRequest quizRequest)
throws ParseException {
log.info("Assigning a quiz based on your skill");
String message = quizClient.assignQuizToCandidate(userId, quizRequest);
log.info("message from status: " + message);
JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
JSONObject json = (JSONObject) parser.parse(message);
return (String) json.get("message");
}
在另一个方法中，我调用上面的方法，如下所示。
QuizRequest quizRequest = new QuizRequest(openQuiz.get().getQuizId());
String status = assignQuizToCandidate(userId, quizRequest);
以下是日志：
2020-05-17 10:20:09.938 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Channel acquired, now 1 active connections and 0 inactive connections
2020-05-17 10:20:09.938 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.netty.http.client.HttpClientConnect : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Handler is being applied: {uri=https://www.flexiquiz.com/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, method=POST}
2020-05-17 10:20:09.939 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [request_prepared])
2020-05-17 10:20:09.939 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] o.s.http.codec.json.Jackson2JsonEncoder : [1bbedd72] Encoding [QuizRequest(quizId={quizid})]
2020-05-17 10:20:09.941 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [request_sent])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.http.client.HttpClientOperations : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Received response (auto-read:false) : [Cache-Control=private, Content-Type=text/html; charset=utf-8, Server=Microsoft-IIS/10.0, Date=Sun, 17 May 2020 04:50:10 GMT, Content-Length=30]
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [response_received])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] o.s.w.r.f.client.ExchangeFunctions : [1bbedd72] Response 400 BAD_REQUEST
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.http.client.HttpClientOperations : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Received last HTTP packet
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [response_completed])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [disconnecting])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Releasing channel
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Channel cleaned, now 0 active connections and 1 inactive connections
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] reactor.netty.channel.FluxReceive : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Subscribing inbound receiver [pending: 1, cancelled:false, inboundDone: true]
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] o.s.core.codec.StringDecoder : [1bbedd72] Decoded "{"message":"400: Bad Request"}"
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 INFO 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] i.d.ivrauto.resource.ResponseResource : message from status: {"message":"400: Bad Request"}
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 INFO 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] i.d.ivrauto.resource.ResponseResource : json.get(message): 400: Bad Request
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 INFO 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] o.h.e.i.AbstractFlushingEventListener : Processing flush-time cascades
2020-05-17 10:20:10.195 DEBUG 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] o.h.e.i.AbstractFlushingEventListener : Dirty checking collections
下面是我尝试访问的终点。
POST: /v1/users/{user_id}/quizzes
示例请求
$ curl https://www.flexiquiz.com/api/v1/users/06e3244f-1381-4da4-aa75-996981b42edb/quizzes
-H "X-API-KEY: fcb5f59c-2a2f-44a9-8261-33cbfa97be99"
-d quiz_id="1153af46-9580-4672-af78-f23ce2577a14"
示例响应
{
"message": "200: OK"
}
您的问题可能是您发送的数据格式错误。您正在以 application/json 格式在正文中发布数据。
但是如果您查看请求，它是使用 curl 中的 -d 标志发出的。
来自 curl 文档：
-d, --data
(HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way that a
browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This will cause
curl to pass the data to the server using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded.
Compare to -F, --form.
这基本上意味着您需要以 FORM 格式发送数据。
Webflux 文档说明了如何将数据作为表单请求发送。
因此您的代码应该类似于（某种程度上）：
public QuizResponse assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, String quizId) {
final MultiValueMap<String, String> formData = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
formData.add("quiz_id", quizId);
return webClient.post()
.uri(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL + "/v1/users/" + userId + "/quizzes")
.header("X-API-KEY", FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY)
.bodyValue(formData)
.retrive()
.bodyToMono(QuizResponse.class)
.block();
}
根据@ThomasAndolf 的回答，这是我必须做的。
public String assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, String quizId) {
final MultiValueMap<String, String> data = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
data.add("quiz_id", quizId);
return webClient.post()
.uri(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL + "/v1/users/" + userId + "/quizzes")
.header("X-API-KEY", FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY)
.bodyValue(data)
.retrieve()
.bodyToMono(String.class)
.block();
}
我将输出作为字符串，因为响应仅包含一个带有以下消息的字符串：
{"message": "200: OK"}
我是反应式编程的新手，我正在使用 Spring WebFlux 的 WebClient 向下面的 URL 发出 POST 请求，作为我 Spring 启动的一部分将现有测验分配给候选人的应用程序。我无法理解我在构建 WebClient 请求时做错了什么。
End-point
https://www.flexiquiz.com/api/v1/users/{user_id}/quizzes
在我的请求 body 中，我需要传递我从另一个 API 获得的测验 ID（工作正常）。
{
"quiz_id": ""
}
除了传递请求 body，我还将 X-API-KEY 作为请求的一部分传递 header.
但是，当我尝试点击 end-point 时，出现 {"message":"400: Bad Request"} 错误。
下面是我的代码。
QuizRequest.java
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
@Data
public class QuizRequest {
@JsonProperty("quiz_id")
@NotBlank
private String quizId;
public QuizRequest(@NotBlank String quizId) {
this.quizId = quizId;
}
}
FlexiQuizClient.java
@Service
@Slf4j
public class FlexiQuizClient {
private static final String USER_AGENT = "WebClient for FlexiQuiz";
private final WebClient webClient;
@Value("${flexiquiz.baseurl}")
private String FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL;
@Value("${flexiquiz.key}")
private String FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY;
@Autowired
public FlexiQuizClient() {
this.webClient = WebClient.builder()
.baseUrl(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL)
.defaultHeader(HttpHeaders.USER_AGENT, USER_AGENT)
.filter(logRequest())
.build();
}
public String assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, QuizRequest quizRequest) {
return Objects.requireNonNull(webClient.post()
.uri(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL + "/v1/users/" + userId + "/quizzes")
.header("X-API-KEY", FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY)
.body(Mono.just(quizRequest), QuizRequest.class)
.exchange()
.block())
.bodyToMono(String.class)
.block();
}
private ExchangeFilterFunction logRequest() {
return (clientRequest, next) -> {
log.info("Request: {} {}", clientRequest.method(), clientRequest.url());
clientRequest.headers()
.forEach((name, values) -> values.forEach(value -> log.info("{}={}", name, value)));
return next.exchange(clientRequest);
};
}
}
在我的资源 class（控制器）中，我正在调用网络客户端方法，如下所示：
ResponseResource.java
private String assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, QuizRequest quizRequest)
throws ParseException {
log.info("Assigning a quiz based on your skill");
String message = quizClient.assignQuizToCandidate(userId, quizRequest);
log.info("message from status: " + message);
JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
JSONObject json = (JSONObject) parser.parse(message);
return (String) json.get("message");
}
在另一个方法中，我调用上面的方法，如下所示。
QuizRequest quizRequest = new QuizRequest(openQuiz.get().getQuizId());
String status = assignQuizToCandidate(userId, quizRequest);
以下是日志：
2020-05-17 10:20:09.938 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Channel acquired, now 1 active connections and 0 inactive connections
2020-05-17 10:20:09.938 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.netty.http.client.HttpClientConnect : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Handler is being applied: {uri=https://www.flexiquiz.com/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, method=POST}
2020-05-17 10:20:09.939 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [request_prepared])
2020-05-17 10:20:09.939 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] o.s.http.codec.json.Jackson2JsonEncoder : [1bbedd72] Encoding [QuizRequest(quizId={quizid})]
2020-05-17 10:20:09.941 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [request_sent])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.http.client.HttpClientOperations : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Received response (auto-read:false) : [Cache-Control=private, Content-Type=text/html; charset=utf-8, Server=Microsoft-IIS/10.0, Date=Sun, 17 May 2020 04:50:10 GMT, Content-Length=30]
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [response_received])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] o.s.w.r.f.client.ExchangeFunctions : [1bbedd72] Response 400 BAD_REQUEST
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.http.client.HttpClientOperations : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Received last HTTP packet
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [response_completed])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] onStateChange(POST{uri=/api/v1/users/{userid}/quizzes, connection=PooledConnection{channel=[id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443]}}, [disconnecting])
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Releasing channel
2020-05-17 10:20:10.189 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] r.n.resources.PooledConnectionProvider : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Channel cleaned, now 0 active connections and 1 inactive connections
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] reactor.netty.channel.FluxReceive : [id: 0x2b404095, L:/192.168.0.106:62197 - R:www.flexiquiz.com/208.117.41.204:443] Subscribing inbound receiver [pending: 1, cancelled:false, inboundDone: true]
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 DEBUG 32600 --- [ctor-http-nio-1] o.s.core.codec.StringDecoder : [1bbedd72] Decoded "{"message":"400: Bad Request"}"
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 INFO 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] i.d.ivrauto.resource.ResponseResource : message from status: {"message":"400: Bad Request"}
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 INFO 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] i.d.ivrauto.resource.ResponseResource : json.get(message): 400: Bad Request
2020-05-17 10:20:10.190 INFO 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] o.h.e.i.AbstractFlushingEventListener : Processing flush-time cascades
2020-05-17 10:20:10.195 DEBUG 32600 --- [nio-8086-exec-6] o.h.e.i.AbstractFlushingEventListener : Dirty checking collections
下面是我尝试访问的终点。
POST: /v1/users/{user_id}/quizzes
示例请求
$ curl https://www.flexiquiz.com/api/v1/users/06e3244f-1381-4da4-aa75-996981b42edb/quizzes
-H "X-API-KEY: fcb5f59c-2a2f-44a9-8261-33cbfa97be99"
-d quiz_id="1153af46-9580-4672-af78-f23ce2577a14"
示例响应
{
"message": "200: OK"
}
您的问题可能是您发送的数据格式错误。您正在以 application/json 格式在正文中发布数据。
但是如果您查看请求，它是使用 curl 中的 -d 标志发出的。
来自 curl 文档：
-d, --data
(HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the HTTP server, in the same way that a browser does when a user has filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This will cause curl to pass the data to the server using the content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to -F, --form.
这基本上意味着您需要以 FORM 格式发送数据。
Webflux 文档说明了如何将数据作为表单请求发送。
因此您的代码应该类似于（某种程度上）：
public QuizResponse assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, String quizId) {
final MultiValueMap<String, String> formData = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
formData.add("quiz_id", quizId);
return webClient.post()
.uri(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL + "/v1/users/" + userId + "/quizzes")
.header("X-API-KEY", FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY)
.bodyValue(formData)
.retrive()
.bodyToMono(QuizResponse.class)
.block();
}
根据@ThomasAndolf 的回答，这是我必须做的。
public String assignQuizToCandidate(String userId, String quizId) {
final MultiValueMap<String, String> data = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
data.add("quiz_id", quizId);
return webClient.post()
.uri(FLEXIQUIZ_API_BASE_URL + "/v1/users/" + userId + "/quizzes")
.header("X-API-KEY", FLEXIQUIZ_API_KEY)
.bodyValue(data)
.retrieve()
.bodyToMono(String.class)
.block();
}
我将输出作为字符串，因为响应仅包含一个带有以下消息的字符串：
{"message": "200: OK"}