为什么对显式声明的引用 return 值有可空性警告?

Why is there nullability warning for explicitly declared reference return value?

我为我的测试项目启用了可空性上下文并尝试修复所有可空性警告。我能够修复它们,除了下面那个我不明白的(在 return ref book; 行)。我在编译器生成的这一行的注释中粘贴了警告:

class Program
{
    private Book[] books = { new Book("Call of the Wild, The", "Jack London"),
                    new Book("Tale of Two Cities, A", "Charles Dickens") };
    private Book? nobook = null;

    public ref Book? GetBookByTitle(string title)
    {
        for (int ctr = 0; ctr < books.Length; ctr++)
        {
            ref Book book = ref books[ctr];
            if (title == book.Title)
                return ref book; //CS8619: Nullability of reference types in value of type 'Book' doesn't match target type 'Book?'.
        }
        return ref nobook;
    }
}

public class Book
{
    public readonly string Title;
    public readonly string Author;

    public Book(string title, string author)
    {
        Title = title;
        Author = author;
    }
}

我不明白为什么编译器不满意在方法中 returned 的不可空变量 ref Book book 作为可空 ref Book?

据我所知,我们可以将不可为 null 的变量分配给可为 null 的变量,如下所示。正如下面的代码所示,如​​果我在 Book? 类型的方法中使用 return 非引用 Book book 变量,编译器不会发现任何问题:

    public Book? GetBookCopyByTitle(string title)
    {
        for (int ctr = 0; ctr < books.Length; ctr++)
        {
            ref Book book = ref books[ctr];
            if (title == book.Title)
                return book; //no warning here. The compiler is satisfied if we don't use ref return value
        }
        return null;
    }

为什么编译器会在第一个代码片段中产生这个错误:

Nullability of reference types in value of type 'Book' doesn't match target type 'Book?'.

发生错误是因为您在此处使用 ref returns。

回忆一下ref return的意思。您正在 return 引用变量,调用者可以使用该引用更改变量的值。

GetBookByTitle 声明为 return 可空引用。根据声明,我可以从方法中获取引用,然后将其设置为 null:

ref var book = ref GetBookByTitle("Tale of Two Cities, A");
book = null; // book is nullable, right? GetBookByTitle says it will return a nullable reference

由于我传入的特定标题,book = null;将达到,将non-nullablebooks[1]设置为null!如果允许这样做,将破坏可空引用类型带来的安全性,因此不允许。