如果 select 具有默认值,则不会发送到频道

Sending to channel doesn't happen if select has default

我正在开展一个个人项目,该项目将 运行 在 Raspberry Pi 上连接一些传感器。

从传感器读取的函数和处理套接字连接的函数在不同的 goroutine 中执行,因此,为了在从传感器读取数据时在套接字上发送数据,我创建了一个 chan []byte 在 main 函数中并将其传递给 goroutines.

我的问题出在这里:如果我连续多次写入,只有第一个数据到达客户端,而其他数据则不会。但是如果我在 sender 函数中放一点 time.Sleep,所有的数据都会正确地到达客户端。

无论如何,这是这个小程序的简化版本:

package main

import (
    "net"
    "os"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

const socketName string = "./test_socket"

// create to the socket and launch the accept client routine
func launchServerUDS(ch chan []byte) {
    if err := os.RemoveAll(socketName); err != nil {
        return
    }
    l, err := net.Listen("unix", socketName)
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    go acceptConnectionRoutine(l, ch)
}

// accept incoming connection on the socket and
// 1) launch the routine to handle commands from the client
// 2) launch the routine to send data when the server reads from the sensors
func acceptConnectionRoutine(l net.Listener, ch chan []byte) {
    defer l.Close()
    for {
        conn, err := l.Accept()
        if err != nil {
            return
        }
        go commandsHandlerRoutine(conn, ch)
        go autoSendRoutine(conn, ch)

    }
}

// routine that sends data to the client
func autoSendRoutine(c net.Conn, ch chan []byte) {
    for {
        data := <-ch
        if string(data) == "exit" {
            return
        }
        c.Write(data)
    }
}

// handle client connection and calls functions to execute commands
func commandsHandlerRoutine(c net.Conn, ch chan []byte) {
    for {
        buf := make([]byte, 1024)
        n, err := c.Read(buf)
        if err != nil {
            ch <- []byte("exit")
            break
        }
        // now, for sake of simplicity , only echo commands back to the client
        _, err = c.Write(buf[:n])
        if err != nil {
            ch <- []byte("exit")
            break
        }
    }
}

// write on the channel to the autosend routine so the data are written on the socket
func sendDataToClient(data []byte, ch chan []byte) {
    select {
    case ch <- data:
        // if i put a little sleep here, no problems
        // i i remove the sleep, only data1 is sent to the client
        // time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
    default:
    }
}

func dummyReadDataRoutine(ch chan []byte) {
    for {
        // read data from the sensors every 5 seconds
        time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
        // read first data and send it
        sendDataToClient([]byte("dummy data1\n"), ch)
        // read second data and send it
        sendDataToClient([]byte("dummy data2\n"), ch)
        // read third data and send it
        sendDataToClient([]byte("dummy data3\n"), ch)
    }
}

func main() {
    ch := make(chan []byte)
    wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
    wg.Add(2)
    go dummyReadDataRoutine(ch)
    go launchServerUDS(ch)
    wg.Wait()
}

我认为使用睡眠来同步写入是不正确的。如何解决此问题,同时将函数 运行ning 保留在不同的不同 goroutine 上。

JimB 解释的很好,我觉得他的回答比较好

我在这个答案中包含了我的部分解决方案。

我原以为我的代码是清晰和简化的,但正如 Jim 所说,我可以做得更简单和清晰。我保留了我的旧代码 posted,这样人们可以更好地理解如何 post 更简单的代码,而不是像我那样搞得一团糟。

正如chmike所说,我的问题并不像我想的那样与套接字有关,而只与频道有关。在无缓冲通道上写入是问题之一。将无缓冲通道更改为缓冲通道后,问题得到解决。无论如何,这段代码不是"good code",可以按照JimB在他的回答中写的原则进行改进。

所以这是新代码:

package main

import (
    "net"
    "os"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

const socketName string = "./test_socket"

// create the socket and accept clients connections
func launchServerUDS(ch chan []byte, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    defer wg.Done()
    if err := os.RemoveAll(socketName); err != nil {
        return
    }
    l, err := net.Listen("unix", socketName)
    if err != nil {
        return
    }
    defer l.Close()
    for {
        conn, err := l.Accept()
        if err != nil {
            return
        }
        // this goroutine are launched when a client is connected
        // routine that listen and echo commands
        go commandsHandlerRoutine(conn, ch)
        // routine to send data read from the sensors to the client
        go autoSendRoutine(conn, ch)
    }
}

// routine that sends data to the client
func autoSendRoutine(c net.Conn, ch chan []byte) {
    for {
        data := <-ch
        if string(data) == "exit" {
            return
        }
        c.Write(data)
    }
}

// handle commands received from the client
func commandsHandlerRoutine(c net.Conn, ch chan []byte) {
    for {
        buf := make([]byte, 1024)
        n, err := c.Read(buf)
        if err != nil {
            // if i can't read send an exit command to autoSendRoutine and exit
            ch <- []byte("exit")
            break
        }
        // now, for sake of simplicity , only echo commands back to the client
        _, err = c.Write(buf[:n])
        if err != nil {
            // if i can't write back send an exit command to autoSendRoutine and exit
            ch <- []byte("exit")
            break
        }
    }
}

// this goroutine reads from the sensors and write to the channel , so data are sent
// to the client if a client is connected
func dummyReadDataRoutine(ch chan []byte, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    x := 0
    for x < 100 {
        // read data from the sensors every 5 seconds
        time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
        // read first data and send it
        ch <- []byte("data1\n")
        // read second data and send it
        ch <- []byte("data2\n")
        // read third data and send it
        ch <- []byte("data3\n")
        x++
    }
    wg.Done()
}


func main() {
    // create a BUFFERED CHANNEL
    ch := make(chan []byte, 1)
    wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
    wg.Add(2)
    // launch the goruotines that handle the socket connections
    // and read data from the sensors
    go dummyReadDataRoutine(ch, &wg)
    go launchServerUDS(ch, &wg)
    wg.Wait()
}

主要问题出在函数中:

func sendDataToClient(data []byte, ch chan []byte) {
    select {
    case ch <- data:
        // if I put a little sleep here, no problems
        // if I remove the sleep, only data1 is sent to the client
        // time.Sleep(1 * time.Millisecond)
    default:
}

如果调用函数时通道 ch 未准备好,将采用 default 情况并且永远不会发送 data。在这种情况下,您应该取消该功能并直接发送到频道。

缓冲通道与手头的问题是正交的,应该出于与缓冲 IO 类似的原因来完成,即为无法立即进行的写入提供 "buffer"。如果代码在没有缓冲区的情况下无法进行,添加缓冲区只会延迟可能出现的死锁。

您在这里也不需要 exit 哨兵值,因为您可以在频道上进行测距并在完成后将其关闭。然而,这仍然忽略了写入错误,但同样需要重新设计。

for data := range ch {
    c.Write(data)
}

您还应该小心地通过通道传递切片,因为很容易忘记哪个逻辑进程拥有所有权并将修改支持数组。根据给出的信息,我不能说通过通道传递读+写数据是否改进了体系结构,但这不是您在大多数 Go 网络代码中会发现的模式。