在 V 形 (ADA) 中绘制带有对角十字的旗帜
Drawing a flag with diagonal crosses in a V-Shape (ADA)
我又求助于 Whosebug。以前在这里得到过帮助，我希望能再次得到同样友好的帮助。我有一个任务，我需要在 ADA 中绘制一面旗帜（包括它周围的盒子状形状和中间的 V 形十字）。我设法制作了盒子和大约一半的十字架。谁能告诉我如何最简单地填写其余的十字架？
应该是V型的，像这样：
+ +
+ +
+
等等
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Integer_Text_IO; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
procedure exercise2 is
subtype Cross_Rows is Integer range 2..80;
Rows : Cross_Rows;
Flag_Width : Cross_Rows;
Left : Positive;
Right : Positive;
procedure Row_Get (Rows: out Cross_Rows) is
begin
Put("Enter the number of cross rows (min is 3): ");
Get(Rows);
Skip_Line;
end Row_Get;
procedure Print_Top (Rows: in Cross_Rows) is
begin
Flag_Width := (Rows * 2) + 4;
Put("+");
for Col in 1..Flag_Width-3 loop
Put("-");
end loop;
Put("+");
New_Line;
end Print_Top;
procedure Print_Middle (Rows: in Cross_Rows) is
begin
Left := 1;
Right := Flag_Width - 5;
for R in 1..Rows loop
Put("! ");
for C in 1..Flag_Width - 4 loop
if C = Left or else C = Right then
Put("+");
else
Put(" ");
end if;
end loop;
Left := Left + 1;
Right := Right - 1;
Put_Line("!");
end loop;
end Print_Middle;
procedure Print_Bottom (Rows: in Cross_Rows) is
begin
Flag_Width := (Rows * 2) + 4;
Put("+");
for C in 1..Flag_Width-3 loop
Put("-");
end loop;
Put_Line("+");
end Print_Bottom;
begin
Row_Get(Rows);
Print_Top(Rows);
Print_Middle(Rows);
Print_Bottom(Rows);
end exercise2;
编辑：感谢吉姆罗杰斯，我设法编辑了我的程序来绘制旗帜。不幸的是，它并不完全是它的本意，因为顶部十字架应该接触两侧而不是像现在这样间隔开。另外，主程序和子程序不能超过 15 行，所以我把它们分开了。
最小的旗帜应该是这样的。我将尝试使用他的代码来实现这一目标。但任何帮助都是有价值的！ :)
n=1
+---+
!+ +!
! + !
+---+
n=2
+-----+
!+ +!
! + + !
! + !
+-----+
您需要跟踪“+”字符的左列和右列，在每次循环迭代中增加左列位置并减少右列位置以打印十字。
以下程序适用于从 3 到 80 的任意行数的十字。
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Integer_Text_IO; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
procedure Main is
subtype Cross_Rows is Integer range 3..80;
Rows : Cross_Rows;
Flag_Width : Cross_Rows;
Left : Positive;
Right : Positive;
begin
Put("Enter the number of cross rows (minimum is 3): ");
Get(Rows);
Skip_Line;
Flag_Width := (Rows * 2) + 4;
-- Print top row of flag boundary
for Col in 1..Flag_Width loop
Put("-");
end loop;
Put("-");
New_Line;
-- Print empty row below top flag boundary
Put("- ");
for C in 3..Flag_Width - 2 loop
Put(" ");
end loop;
Put_Line(" -");
-- Print crosses
Left := 1;
Right := Flag_Width - 5;
for R in 1..Rows loop
Put("- ");
for C in 1..Flag_Width - 4 loop
if C = Left or else C = Right then
Put("+");
else
Put(" ");
end if;
end loop;
Left := Left + 1;
Right := Right - 1;
Put_Line(" -");
end loop;
-- Print bottom flag rows
Put("- ");
for C in 3..Flag_Width - 2 loop
Put(" ");
end loop;
Put_Line(" -");
for C in 1..Flag_Width loop
Put("-");
end loop;
Put_Line("-");
end Main;
示例输出为：
Enter the number of cross rows (minimum is 3): 7
-------------------
- -
- + + -
- + + -
- + + -
- + + -
- + + -
- + + -
- + -
- -
-------------------
您还可以选择一种模式定义（此处：标志）和输出机制几乎完全分离的方法。这种方法还允许您并行化标志渲染，以防您需要渲染非常非常大的标志 ;-):
main.adb
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Main is
N : constant := 2;
Width : constant := 3 + 2 * N;
Height : constant := 3 + 1 * N;
type Screen_X is new Natural range 0 .. Width - 1;
type Screen_Y is new Natural range 0 .. Height - 1;
-------------
-- Pattern --
-------------
function Pattern (X : Screen_X; Y : Screen_Y) return Character is
Is_Border_LR : constant Boolean :=
X = Screen_X'First or else X = Screen_X'Last;
Is_Border_TB : constant Boolean :=
Y = Screen_Y'First or else Y = Screen_Y'Last;
-- The V-Shape is based on the implicit function:
--
-- abs (X - X0) + (Y - Y0) = 0
X0 : constant := (Screen_X'Last + Screen_X'First) / 2;
Y0 : constant := Screen_Y'Last - 1;
Is_V_Shape : constant Boolean :=
Integer (abs (X - X0)) + Integer (Y - Y0) = 0;
begin
if Is_Border_LR and Is_Border_TB then
return '+';
elsif Is_Border_LR then
return '!';
elsif Is_Border_TB then
return '-';
elsif Is_V_Shape then
return '+';
else
return ' ';
end if;
end Pattern;
begin
-- The Render loop.
for Y in Screen_Y loop
for X in Screen_X loop
Put (Pattern (X, Y));
end loop;
New_Line;
end loop;
end Main;
输出 (N = 1)
$ ./main
+---+
!+ +!
! + !
+---+
输出 (N = 2)
$ ./main
+-----+
!+ +!
! + + !
! + !
+-----+
另一种方法使用 Ada.Text_Io 中的 Set_Col 过程。 Set_Col 将光标设置到当前输出行中的指定列号。例如，如果光标从位置 1 开始并且您调用 Set_Col(10)，该过程将输出 9 个空白字符并将列号设置为 10。然后您可以在第 10 列开始写入非空白输出。
with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Integer_Text_Io; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
procedure V_columns is
subtype Cross_Rows is Integer range 3..80;
Rows : Cross_Rows;
Flag_Width : Positive;
Left : Positive;
Right : Positive;
begin
Put("Enter the number of cross rows (minimum is 3): ");
Get(Rows);
Skip_Line;
Flag_Width := (Rows * 2) + 4;
-- Print top row of flag boundary
for Col in 1..Flag_Width loop
Put("-");
end loop;
New_Line;
-- Print empty row below top flag boundary
Set_Col(1);
Put("|");
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Flag_Width));
Put_Line("|");
-- Print crosses
Left := 3;
Right := Flag_Width - 3;
for R in 1..Rows loop
Set_Col(1);
Put("|");
if Left < Right then
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Left));
Put("+");
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Right));
Put("+");
else
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Right));
Put("+");
end if;
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Flag_Width));
Put("|");
New_Line;
Left := Left + 1;
Right := Right - 1;
end loop;
-- Print bottom flag rows
Set_Col(1);
Put("|");
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Flag_Width));
Put_Line("|");
for C in 1..Flag_Width loop
Put("-");
end loop;
New_Line;
end V_Columns;
程序的输出是：
Enter the number of cross rows (minimum is 3): 7
------------------
| |
| + + |
| + + |
| + + |
| + + |
| + + |
| + + |
| + |
| |
------------------
我又求助于 Whosebug。以前在这里得到过帮助，我希望能再次得到同样友好的帮助。我有一个任务，我需要在 ADA 中绘制一面旗帜（包括它周围的盒子状形状和中间的 V 形十字）。我设法制作了盒子和大约一半的十字架。谁能告诉我如何最简单地填写其余的十字架？
应该是V型的，像这样：
+ +
+ +
+
等等
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Integer_Text_IO; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
procedure exercise2 is
subtype Cross_Rows is Integer range 2..80;
Rows : Cross_Rows;
Flag_Width : Cross_Rows;
Left : Positive;
Right : Positive;
procedure Row_Get (Rows: out Cross_Rows) is
begin
Put("Enter the number of cross rows (min is 3): ");
Get(Rows);
Skip_Line;
end Row_Get;
procedure Print_Top (Rows: in Cross_Rows) is
begin
Flag_Width := (Rows * 2) + 4;
Put("+");
for Col in 1..Flag_Width-3 loop
Put("-");
end loop;
Put("+");
New_Line;
end Print_Top;
procedure Print_Middle (Rows: in Cross_Rows) is
begin
Left := 1;
Right := Flag_Width - 5;
for R in 1..Rows loop
Put("! ");
for C in 1..Flag_Width - 4 loop
if C = Left or else C = Right then
Put("+");
else
Put(" ");
end if;
end loop;
Left := Left + 1;
Right := Right - 1;
Put_Line("!");
end loop;
end Print_Middle;
procedure Print_Bottom (Rows: in Cross_Rows) is
begin
Flag_Width := (Rows * 2) + 4;
Put("+");
for C in 1..Flag_Width-3 loop
Put("-");
end loop;
Put_Line("+");
end Print_Bottom;
begin
Row_Get(Rows);
Print_Top(Rows);
Print_Middle(Rows);
Print_Bottom(Rows);
end exercise2;
编辑：感谢吉姆罗杰斯，我设法编辑了我的程序来绘制旗帜。不幸的是，它并不完全是它的本意，因为顶部十字架应该接触两侧而不是像现在这样间隔开。另外，主程序和子程序不能超过 15 行，所以我把它们分开了。
最小的旗帜应该是这样的。我将尝试使用他的代码来实现这一目标。但任何帮助都是有价值的！ :)
n=1
+---+
!+ +!
! + !
+---+
n=2
+-----+
!+ +!
! + + !
! + !
+-----+
您需要跟踪“+”字符的左列和右列，在每次循环迭代中增加左列位置并减少右列位置以打印十字。 以下程序适用于从 3 到 80 的任意行数的十字。
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Integer_Text_IO; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
procedure Main is
subtype Cross_Rows is Integer range 3..80;
Rows : Cross_Rows;
Flag_Width : Cross_Rows;
Left : Positive;
Right : Positive;
begin
Put("Enter the number of cross rows (minimum is 3): ");
Get(Rows);
Skip_Line;
Flag_Width := (Rows * 2) + 4;
-- Print top row of flag boundary
for Col in 1..Flag_Width loop
Put("-");
end loop;
Put("-");
New_Line;
-- Print empty row below top flag boundary
Put("- ");
for C in 3..Flag_Width - 2 loop
Put(" ");
end loop;
Put_Line(" -");
-- Print crosses
Left := 1;
Right := Flag_Width - 5;
for R in 1..Rows loop
Put("- ");
for C in 1..Flag_Width - 4 loop
if C = Left or else C = Right then
Put("+");
else
Put(" ");
end if;
end loop;
Left := Left + 1;
Right := Right - 1;
Put_Line(" -");
end loop;
-- Print bottom flag rows
Put("- ");
for C in 3..Flag_Width - 2 loop
Put(" ");
end loop;
Put_Line(" -");
for C in 1..Flag_Width loop
Put("-");
end loop;
Put_Line("-");
end Main;
示例输出为：
Enter the number of cross rows (minimum is 3): 7
-------------------
- -
- + + -
- + + -
- + + -
- + + -
- + + -
- + + -
- + -
- -
-------------------
您还可以选择一种模式定义（此处：标志）和输出机制几乎完全分离的方法。这种方法还允许您并行化标志渲染，以防您需要渲染非常非常大的标志 ;-):
main.adb
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
procedure Main is
N : constant := 2;
Width : constant := 3 + 2 * N;
Height : constant := 3 + 1 * N;
type Screen_X is new Natural range 0 .. Width - 1;
type Screen_Y is new Natural range 0 .. Height - 1;
-------------
-- Pattern --
-------------
function Pattern (X : Screen_X; Y : Screen_Y) return Character is
Is_Border_LR : constant Boolean :=
X = Screen_X'First or else X = Screen_X'Last;
Is_Border_TB : constant Boolean :=
Y = Screen_Y'First or else Y = Screen_Y'Last;
-- The V-Shape is based on the implicit function:
--
-- abs (X - X0) + (Y - Y0) = 0
X0 : constant := (Screen_X'Last + Screen_X'First) / 2;
Y0 : constant := Screen_Y'Last - 1;
Is_V_Shape : constant Boolean :=
Integer (abs (X - X0)) + Integer (Y - Y0) = 0;
begin
if Is_Border_LR and Is_Border_TB then
return '+';
elsif Is_Border_LR then
return '!';
elsif Is_Border_TB then
return '-';
elsif Is_V_Shape then
return '+';
else
return ' ';
end if;
end Pattern;
begin
-- The Render loop.
for Y in Screen_Y loop
for X in Screen_X loop
Put (Pattern (X, Y));
end loop;
New_Line;
end loop;
end Main;
输出 (N = 1)
$ ./main
+---+
!+ +!
! + !
+---+
输出 (N = 2)
$ ./main
+-----+
!+ +!
! + + !
! + !
+-----+
另一种方法使用 Ada.Text_Io 中的 Set_Col 过程。 Set_Col 将光标设置到当前输出行中的指定列号。例如，如果光标从位置 1 开始并且您调用 Set_Col(10)，该过程将输出 9 个空白字符并将列号设置为 10。然后您可以在第 10 列开始写入非空白输出。
with Ada.Text_Io; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Integer_Text_Io; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;
procedure V_columns is
subtype Cross_Rows is Integer range 3..80;
Rows : Cross_Rows;
Flag_Width : Positive;
Left : Positive;
Right : Positive;
begin
Put("Enter the number of cross rows (minimum is 3): ");
Get(Rows);
Skip_Line;
Flag_Width := (Rows * 2) + 4;
-- Print top row of flag boundary
for Col in 1..Flag_Width loop
Put("-");
end loop;
New_Line;
-- Print empty row below top flag boundary
Set_Col(1);
Put("|");
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Flag_Width));
Put_Line("|");
-- Print crosses
Left := 3;
Right := Flag_Width - 3;
for R in 1..Rows loop
Set_Col(1);
Put("|");
if Left < Right then
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Left));
Put("+");
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Right));
Put("+");
else
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Right));
Put("+");
end if;
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Flag_Width));
Put("|");
New_Line;
Left := Left + 1;
Right := Right - 1;
end loop;
-- Print bottom flag rows
Set_Col(1);
Put("|");
Set_Col(Positive_Count(Flag_Width));
Put_Line("|");
for C in 1..Flag_Width loop
Put("-");
end loop;
New_Line;
end V_Columns;
程序的输出是：
Enter the number of cross rows (minimum is 3): 7
------------------
| |
| + + |
| + + |
| + + |
| + + |
| + + |
| + + |
| + |
| |
------------------