JSON 基于 Spring 的 SockJS / STOMP Web 套接字的 Web 令牌 (JWT)

JSON Web Token (JWT) with Spring based SockJS / STOMP Web Socket

背景

我正在使用 Spring Boot (1.3.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT) 设置 RESTful Web 应用程序,其中包括一个 STOMP/SockJS WebSocket,它我打算使用 iOS 应用程序和网络浏览器。我想使用 JSON Web Tokens (JWT) 来保护 REST 请求和 WebSocket 接口,但我在使用后者时遇到困难。

该应用程序受 Spring 安全保护:-

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfiguration extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    public WebSecurityConfiguration() {
        super(true);
    }

    @Autowired
    public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
                .withUser("steve").password("steve").roles("USER");
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .exceptionHandling().and()
            .anonymous().and()
            .servletApi().and()
            .headers().cacheControl().and().and()

            // Relax CSRF on the WebSocket due to needing direct access from apps
            .csrf().ignoringAntMatchers("/ws/**").and()

            .authorizeRequests()

            //allow anonymous resource requests
            .antMatchers("/", "/index.html").permitAll()
            .antMatchers("/resources/**").permitAll()

            //allow anonymous POSTs to JWT
            .antMatchers(HttpMethod.POST, "/rest/jwt/token").permitAll()

            // Allow anonymous access to websocket 
            .antMatchers("/ws/**").permitAll()

            //all other request need to be authenticated
            .anyRequest().hasRole("USER").and()

            // Custom authentication on requests to /rest/jwt/token
            .addFilterBefore(new JWTLoginFilter("/rest/jwt/token", authenticationManagerBean()), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)

            // Custom JWT based authentication
            .addFilterBefore(new JWTTokenFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    }

}

WebSocket配置标准:-

@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfiguration extends AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {

    @Override
    public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
        config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
        config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
    }

    @Override
    public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
        registry.addEndpoint("/ws").withSockJS();
    }

}

我还有一个 AbstractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer 的子class 来保护 WebSocket:-

@Configuration
public class WebSocketSecurityConfiguration extends AbstractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {

    @Override
    protected void configureInbound(MessageSecurityMetadataSourceRegistry messages) {
        messages.anyMessage().hasRole("USER");
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean sameOriginDisabled() {
        // We need to access this directly from apps, so can't do cross-site checks
        return true;
    }

}

还有几个 @RestController 注释 classes 来处理各种功能,这些通过在我的 WebSecurityConfiguration 中注册的 JWTTokenFilter 成功保护 WebSecurityConfiguration =55=].

问题

但是我似乎无法使用 JWT 保护 WebSocket。我正在使用 SockJS 1.1.0 and STOMP 1.7.1 in the browser and can't figure out how to pass the token. It would appear that SockJS 不允许在初始 /info and/or 握手请求中发送参数。

Spring Security for WebSockets documentation states AbstractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer 确保:

Any inbound CONNECT message requires a valid CSRF token to enforce Same Origin Policy

这似乎暗示初始握手应该是不安全的,并且在接收 STOMP CONNECT 消息时调用身份验证。不幸的是,我似乎找不到任何关于实现这个的信息。此外,这种方法需要额外的逻辑来断开打开 WebSocket 连接并且从不发送 STOMP CONNECT 的恶意客户端。

作为 Spring 的(非常)新手,我也不确定 Spring Sessions 是否或如何适用于此。虽然文档非常详细,但似乎没有关于各种组件如何组合在一起/相互交互的简单(又名白痴)指南。

问题

如何通过提供 JSON Web 令牌来保护 SockJS WebSocket,最好是在握手时(甚至可能)?

似乎已将对查询字符串的支持添加到 SockJS 客户端,请参阅 https://github.com/sockjs/sockjs-client/issues/72

使用最新的 SockJS 1.0.3,您可以将查询参数作为连接的一部分传递 URL。因此,您可以发送一些 JWT 令牌来授权会话。

  var socket = new SockJS('http://localhost/ws?token=AAA');
  var stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);
  stompClient.connect({}, function(frame) {
      stompClient.subscribe('/topic/echo', function(data) {
        // topic handler
      });
    }
  }, function(err) {
    // connection error
  });

现在所有与w​​ebsocket相关的请求都会有参数“?token=AAA”

http://localhost/ws/info?token=AAA&t=1446482506843

http://localhost/ws/515/z45wjz24/websocket?token=AAA

然后使用 Spring 您可以设置一些过滤器,该过滤器将使用提供的令牌识别会话。

现状

更新 2016-12-13:下面提到的问题现已标记为已修复,因此不再需要下面的 hack Spring 4.3.5 或更高版本.参见 https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/blob/master/src/docs/asciidoc/web/websocket.adoc#token-authentication

以前的情况

目前(2016 年 9 月),Spring 不支持此功能,@rossen-stoyanchev 回答的查询参数除外,他写了很多(全部?)Spring WebSocket 支持。我不喜欢查询参数方法,因为存在潜在的 HTTP 引荐来源泄漏和令牌在服务器日志中的存储。此外,如果安全后果不打扰您,请注意我发现这种方法适用于真正的 WebSocket 连接,但是 如果您使用 SockJS 并回退到其他机制,determineUser 方法永远不会被调用来进行回退。参见 Spring 4.x token-based WebSocket SockJS fallback authentication

我创建了一个 Spring 问题来改进对 token-based WebSocket 身份验证的支持:https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR-14690

破解它

与此同时,我发现了一个在测试中效果很好的 hack。绕过 built-in Spring connection-level Spring 授权机制。相反,通过在客户端的 Stomp headers 中发送它来在 message-level 设置身份验证令牌(这很好地反映了您已经在使用常规 HTTP XHR 调用所做的事情)例如:

stompClient.connect({'X-Authorization': 'token'}, ...);
stompClient.subscribe(..., {'X-Authorization': 'token'});
stompClient.send("/wherever", {'X-Authorization': 'token'}, ...);

在 server-side 上,使用 ChannelInterceptor

从 Stomp 消息中获取令牌
@Override
public void configureClientInboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
  registration.setInterceptors(new ChannelInterceptorAdapter() {
     Message<*> preSend(Message<*> message,  MessageChannel channel) {
      StompHeaderAccessor accessor = StompHeaderAccessor.wrap(message);
      List tokenList = accessor.getNativeHeader("X-Authorization");
      String token = null;
      if(tokenList == null || tokenList.size < 1) {
        return message;
      } else {
        token = tokenList.get(0);
        if(token == null) {
          return message;
        }
      }

      // validate and convert to a Principal based on your own requirements e.g.
      // authenticationManager.authenticate(JwtAuthentication(token))
      Principal yourAuth = [...];

      accessor.setUser(yourAuth);

      // not documented anywhere but necessary otherwise NPE in StompSubProtocolHandler!
      accessor.setLeaveMutable(true);
      return MessageBuilder.createMessage(message.payload, accessor.messageHeaders)
    }
  })

这很简单,我们完成了 85% 的事情,但是,这种方法不支持向特定用户发送消息。这是因为 Spring 将用户关联到 session 的机制不受 ChannelInterceptor 结果的影响。 Spring WebSocket 假设身份验证是在传输层完成的,而不是消息层,因此会忽略 message-level 身份验证。

无论如何,要使这项工作成功,就是创建我们的 DefaultSimpUserRegistryDefaultUserDestinationResolver 实例,将它们暴露给环境,然后使用拦截器更新它们,就好像 [=110] =] 本身就是这样做的。换句话说,类似于:

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
@Order(HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 50)
class WebSocketConfig extends AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer() {
  private DefaultSimpUserRegistry userRegistry = new DefaultSimpUserRegistry();
  private DefaultUserDestinationResolver resolver = new DefaultUserDestinationResolver(userRegistry);

  @Bean
  @Primary
  public SimpUserRegistry userRegistry() {
    return userRegistry;
  }

  @Bean
  @Primary
  public UserDestinationResolver userDestinationResolver() {
    return resolver;
  }


  @Override
  public configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry registry) {
    registry.enableSimpleBroker("/queue", "/topic");
  }

  @Override
  public registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
    registry
      .addEndpoint("/stomp")
      .withSockJS()
      .setWebSocketEnabled(false)
      .setSessionCookieNeeded(false);
  }

  @Override public configureClientInboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
    registration.setInterceptors(new ChannelInterceptorAdapter() {
       Message<*> preSend(Message<*> message,  MessageChannel channel) {
        StompHeaderAccessor accessor = StompHeaderAccessor.wrap(message);

        List tokenList = accessor.getNativeHeader("X-Authorization");
        accessor.removeNativeHeader("X-Authorization");

        String token = null;
        if(tokenList != null && tokenList.size > 0) {
          token = tokenList.get(0);
        }

        // validate and convert to a Principal based on your own requirements e.g.
        // authenticationManager.authenticate(JwtAuthentication(token))
        Principal yourAuth = token == null ? null : [...];

        if (accessor.messageType == SimpMessageType.CONNECT) {
          userRegistry.onApplicationEvent(SessionConnectedEvent(this, message, yourAuth));
        } else if (accessor.messageType == SimpMessageType.SUBSCRIBE) {
          userRegistry.onApplicationEvent(SessionSubscribeEvent(this, message, yourAuth));
        } else if (accessor.messageType == SimpMessageType.UNSUBSCRIBE) {
          userRegistry.onApplicationEvent(SessionUnsubscribeEvent(this, message, yourAuth));
        } else if (accessor.messageType == SimpMessageType.DISCONNECT) {
          userRegistry.onApplicationEvent(SessionDisconnectEvent(this, message, accessor.sessionId, CloseStatus.NORMAL));
        }

        accessor.setUser(yourAuth);

        // not documented anywhere but necessary otherwise NPE in StompSubProtocolHandler!
        accessor.setLeaveMutable(true);
        return MessageBuilder.createMessage(message.payload, accessor.messageHeaders);
      }
    })
  }
}

现在 Spring 完全了解身份验证,即将 Principal 注入任何需要它的控制器方法,将其暴露给上下文 Spring 安全性 4.x,并将用户关联到 WebSocket session,以便将消息发送到特定的 users/sessions。

Spring 安全消息

最后,如果您使用 Spring 安全 4.x 消息支持,请确保将 AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer@Order 设置为比 Spring 安全性的 AbstractSecurityWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurerOrdered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 50 可以工作,如上所示)。这样,您的拦截器会在 Spring 安全执行检查并设置安全上下文之前设置 Principal

创建校长(2018 年 6 月更新)

很多人似乎对上面代码中的这一行感到困惑:

  // validate and convert to a Principal based on your own requirements e.g.
  // authenticationManager.authenticate(JwtAuthentication(token))
  Principal yourAuth = [...];

这几乎超出了问题的范围,因为它不是 Stomp-specific,但无论如何我都会稍微扩展一下,因为它与使用 Spring 的身份验证令牌有关.使用 token-based 身份验证时,您需要的 Principal 通常是自定义 JwtAuthentication class 扩展 Spring 安全性的 AbstractAuthenticationToken class . AbstractAuthenticationToken 实现扩展 Principal 接口的 Authentication 接口,并包含将您的令牌与 Spring 安全性集成的大部分机制。

所以,在 Kotlin 代码中(抱歉,我没有时间或意愿将其转换回 Java),您的 JwtAuthentication 可能看起来像这样,这是一个简单的包装器大约 AbstractAuthenticationToken:

import my.model.UserEntity
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationToken
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority

class JwtAuthentication(
  val token: String,
  // UserEntity is your application's model for your user
  val user: UserEntity? = null,
  authorities: Collection<GrantedAuthority>? = null) : AbstractAuthenticationToken(authorities) {

  override fun getCredentials(): Any? = token

  override fun getName(): String? = user?.id

  override fun getPrincipal(): Any? = user
}

现在您需要一个知道如何处理它的AuthenticationManager。在 Kotlin 中,这可能类似于以下内容:

@Component
class CustomTokenAuthenticationManager @Inject constructor(
  val tokenHandler: TokenHandler,
  val authService: AuthService) : AuthenticationManager {

  val log = logger()

  override fun authenticate(authentication: Authentication?): Authentication? {
    return when(authentication) {
      // for login via username/password e.g. crash shell
      is UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken -> {
        findUser(authentication).let {
          //checkUser(it)
          authentication.withGrantedAuthorities(it).also { setAuthenticated(true) }
        }
      }
      // for token-based auth
      is JwtAuthentication -> {
        findUser(authentication).let {
          val tokenTypeClaim = tokenHandler.parseToken(authentication.token)[CLAIM_TOKEN_TYPE]
          when(tokenTypeClaim) {
            TOKEN_TYPE_ACCESS -> {
              //checkUser(it)
              authentication.withGrantedAuthorities(it).also { setAuthenticated(true) }
            }
            TOKEN_TYPE_REFRESH -> {
              //checkUser(it)
              JwtAuthentication(authentication.token, it, listOf(SimpleGrantedAuthority(Authorities.REFRESH_TOKEN)))
            }
            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected token type claim $tokenTypeClaim.")
          }
        }
      }
      else -> null
    }
  }

  private fun findUser(authentication: JwtAuthentication): UserEntity =
    authService.login(authentication.token) ?:
      throw BadCredentialsException("No user associated with token or token revoked.")

  private fun findUser(authentication: UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken): UserEntity =
    authService.login(authentication.principal.toString(), authentication.credentials.toString()) ?:
      throw BadCredentialsException("Invalid login.")

  @Suppress("unused", "UNUSED_PARAMETER")
  private fun checkUser(user: UserEntity) {
    // TODO add these and lock account on x attempts
    //if(!user.enabled) throw DisabledException("User is disabled.")
    //if(user.accountLocked) throw LockedException("User account is locked.")
  }

  fun JwtAuthentication.withGrantedAuthorities(user: UserEntity): JwtAuthentication {
    return JwtAuthentication(token, user, authoritiesOf(user))
  }

  fun UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.withGrantedAuthorities(user: UserEntity): UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken {
    return UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(principal, credentials, authoritiesOf(user))
  }

  private fun authoritiesOf(user: UserEntity) = user.authorities.map(::SimpleGrantedAuthority)
}

注入的 TokenHandler 抽象出 JWT 令牌解析,但应该使用像 jjwt 这样的通用 JWT 令牌库。注入的 AuthService 是您的抽象,它实际上根据令牌中的声明创建您的 UserEntity,并且可能与您的用户数据库或其他后端系统对话。

现在,回到我们开始的那一行,它可能看起来像这样,其中 authenticationManager 是由 Spring 注入到我们的适配器中的 AuthenticationManager,并且是一个我们在上面定义的 CustomTokenAuthenticationManager 实例:

Principal yourAuth = token == null ? null : authenticationManager.authenticate(new JwtAuthentication(token));

这个主体然后附加到邮件,如上所述。 HTH!

截至目前,可以将 auth 令牌添加为请求参数并在握手时处理它,或者将其作为 header 添加到 stomp 端点的连接上,并在CONNECT拦截器中的命令。

最好的办法是使用 header,但问题是您无法在握手步骤中访问本机 header,因此您无法在那里处理身份验证然后.

让我给出一些示例代码:

配置:

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig extends WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {

    @Override
    public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
        registry.addEndpoint("/ws-test")
                .setHandshakeHandler(new SecDefaultHandshakeHandler())
                .addInterceptors(new HttpHandshakeInterceptor())
                .withSockJS()
    }

    @Override
    public void configureClientInboundChannel(ChannelRegistration registration) {
        registration.interceptors(new JwtChannelInterceptor())
    }
}

握手拦截器:

public class HttpHandshakeInterceptor implements HandshakeInterceptor {
    public boolean beforeHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler handler, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
        attributes.put("token", request.getServletRequest().getParameter("auth_token")
        return true
    }
}

握手处理程序:

public class SecDefaultHandshakeHandler extends DefaultHandshakeHandler {
    @Override
    public Principal determineUser(ServerHttpRequest request, WebSocketHandler handler, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
        Object token = attributes.get("token")
        //handle authorization here
    }
}

频道拦截器:

public class JwtChannelInterceptor implements ChannelInterceptor {
    @Override
    public void postSend(Message message, MessageChannel channel, Boolean sent) {
        MessageHeaderAccessor accessor = MessageHeaderAccessor.getAccessor(message, StompHeaderAccessor.class)

        if (StompCommand.DISCONNECT == accessor.getCommand()) {
            //retrieve Principal here via accessor.getUser()
            //or get auth header from the accessor and handle authorization
        }
    }
}

对于可能出现的编译错误,我深表歉意,我是从 Kotlin 代码手动转换的 =)

正如您提到的,您的 WebSocket 既有 Web 客户端也有移动客户端,请注意,为所有客户端维护相同的代码库存在一些困难。请看我的帖子:Spring Websocket ChannelInterceptor not firing CONNECT event

我花了很多时间来寻找简单的解决方案。对我来说,拉曼的解决方案没有用。 您只需要定义自定义 bearerTokenResolver 方法并将访问令牌放入 cookie 或参数中。

    @Configuration
    public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
        @Override
        protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
            http.cors()
                    .and()
                    .authorizeRequests()
                    .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, "/user/info", "/api/foos/**")
                    .hasAuthority("SCOPE_read")
                    .antMatchers(HttpMethod.POST, "/api/foos")
                    .hasAuthority("SCOPE_write")
                    .anyRequest()
                    .authenticated()
                    .and()
                    .oauth2ResourceServer()
                .jwt().and().bearerTokenResolver(this::tokenExtractor);
}
...
}

public String tokenExtractor(HttpServletRequest request) {
    String header = request.getHeader(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION);
    if (header != null)
        return header.replace("Bearer ", "");
    Cookie cookie = WebUtils.getCookie(request, "access_token");
    if (cookie != null)
        return cookie.getValue();
    return null;
}