tornado 中 Flask API 的替代品（Dialogflow webhook）

Question

我需要在 Tornado 服务器中为 Dialogflow 创建一个 webhook。我以前用烧瓶做过这个。我是他们两个的初学者。烧瓶的代码 Flask 网络钩子代码：

from flask import render_template
import os
from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from flask import make_response
import json
import time

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def index():
    return render_template("index.html")

@app.route('/webhook', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def webhook():
    req = request.get_json(silent=True, force=True)
    print(json.dumps(req, indent=4))
    res = makeWebhookResult(req)
    res = json.dumps(res, indent=4)
    print("+++++++++++++++RESPONSE+++++++++++++++++", res)
    r = make_response(res)
    r.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
    return r

# Right now I'm just printing a response to see if it works properly

def makeWebhookResult(req):
      queryResult = req.get('queryResult').get("queryText")
      speech =  queryResult       
      return {
            "fulfillmentText": 'YOLO',
            "source": 'App'
        }

#./ngrok http 8090
if __name__ == '__main__':
    port = int(os.getenv('PORT', 8090))
    print("Starting app on port %d" % (port))
    app.run(debug=True, port=port, host='localhost')

现在我在龙卷风中这样试过这个：

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web as web
import tornado
import json
import os

static_root = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'static')


class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        template = "./templates/index.html"
        self.render(template)


class Webhook(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def prepare(self):
        if self.request.headers.get("Content-Type", "").startswith("application/json"):
            self.req = json.loads(self.request.body)
            print(self.req)
            print(json.dumps(self.req, indent=4))
            response = self.webhook_result(self.req)
            response = json.dumps(response, indent=4)
            response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
            return response

    def webhook_result(self, *args):
            queryResult = self.req.get('queryResult').get("queryText")
            speech = queryResult
            print(speech)
            return {
                "fulfillmentText": 'YOLO',
                "source": 'App'
            }

handlers = [
    (r'/', MainHandler),
    (r'(.*)', web.StaticFileHandler, {'path': static_root}),
    (r'/webhook', Webhook,)

]
settings = dict(
    debug=True,
    static_path=static_root
)

application = web.Application(handlers, **settings)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    port = 8090
    application.listen(port)
    print(f"Server running on port : {port}")
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

它与 Flask 配合得很好。当我尝试运行通过龙卷风（使用 ngrok 进行隧道传输）时，我得到一个 WARNING:tornado.access:405 POST /webhook (127.0.0.1) 0.83ms

我阅读了 tornado 的文档，但我似乎仍然无法弄清楚我该怎么做。我假设问题出在 Webhook class 上。我在这里做错了什么？

Answer 1

警告显示 POST 请求存在问题 - 要处理 POST，您需要 class Webhook.

中的方法 def post()

它应该是 post() 而不是 prepare()（这是不同的东西）。
您可以使用 self.write(dictionary) 将其发送为 'application/json'

class Webhook(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def post(self):
        if self.request.headers.get("Content-Type", "").startswith("application/json"):
            data_input = json.loads(self.request.body)

            print('data_input:', data_input)
            print('data_input json.dumps:', json.dumps(data_input, indent=4))

            data_output = self.webhook_result(data_input) # get as normal dict, not string

            print('data_output:', data_output)
            print('data_output json.dumps:', json.dumps(data_output, indent=4))

            self.write(data_output) # it will send as JSON
        else:
            self.write({'error': 'Wrong Content-Type'}) # it will send as JSON

顺便说一句：如果你将值发送到 webhook_result() 那么你可以获得这个值 - 即作为 data - 并使用它而不是 self.req

    def webhook_result(self, data):
        speech = data.get('queryResult').get("queryText")

        print('speech:', speech)

        return {
            "fulfillmentText": 'YOLO',
            "source": 'App'
        }

我测试过的代码

import tornado
import tornado.web
import json
import os


static_root = os.path.join(os.path.dirname('.'), 'static')


class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def get(self):
        #self.render("./templates/index.html")

        # to test POST request but with wrong Content-Type
        self.write('''<form action="/webhook" method="POST"><button>SUBMIT</button></form>''')


class Webhook(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def post(self):
        if self.request.headers.get("Content-Type", "").startswith("application/json"):
            data_input = json.loads(self.request.body)

            print('data_input:', data_input)
            print('data_input json.dumps:', json.dumps(data_input, indent=4))

            data_output = self.webhook_result(data_input) # get as normal dict, not string

            print('data_output:', data_output)
            print('data_output json.dumps:', json.dumps(data_output, indent=4))

            self.write(data_output) # it will send as JSON
        else:
            self.write({'error': 'Wrong Content-Type'}) # it will send as JSON

    def webhook_result(self, data):
        speech = data.get('queryResult').get("queryText")

        print('speech:', speech)

        return {
            "fulfillmentText": 'YOLO',
            "source": 'App'
        }


handlers = [
    (r'/', MainHandler),
    (r'/webhook', Webhook),
    # probably it should be as last
    #(r'(.*)', web.StaticFileHandler, {'path': static_root}),
]

settings = dict(
    debug=True,
    static_path=static_root
)

application = tornado.web.Application(handlers, **settings)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    port = 8090
    application.listen(port)
    print(f"Running: http://127.0.0.1:{port}")
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

我用 JSON 数据发送 POST 请求的代码：

import requests

url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8090/webhook'

data = {'queryResult': {'queryText': 'Hello World'}}

r = requests.post(url, json=data)

print(r.status_code)
print(r.headers.get('Content-Type'))
print(r.json())

顺便说一句： 在 Flask 中你可以做到

@app.route('/webhook', methods=['POST', 'GET'])
def webhook():
    data_input = request.get_json(silent=True, force=True)
    data_output = makeWebhookResult(data_input)
    return jsonify(data_output)

tornado 中 Flask API 的替代品（Dialogflow webhook）

Alternatives of Flask APIs in tornado (Dialogflow webhook)

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