决策树 - 边缘/分支非常轻，不可见

Question

我正在使用经典的泰坦尼克号数据集来构建决策树。但是，我不确定几乎看不见的边缘或树枝出了什么问题。

这里是构建决策树的代码

    # Plant a new pruned tree 

    ideal_dt = DecisionTreeClassifier(random_state=6, ccp_alpha=optimal_alpha)
    ideal_dt = ideal_dt.fit(X_train, y_train)

    # Plot the confusion matrix
    plot_confusion_matrix(ideal_dt,X_test,y_test,display_labels=['Not Survived','Survived'])
    plt.grid(False);

    # Plot the tree
    plt.figure(figsize=(200,180))
    plot_tree(ideal_dt,filled=True,rounded=True, fontsize=120, class_names=labels,feature_names=data_features.columns);

    print('\nIdeal Decision Tree')
    # Training Score
    print('Training Set Accuracy:',ideal_dt.score(X_train,y_train))
    # Testing Score
    print('Testing Set Accuracy:',ideal_dt.score(X_test,y_test))

设置如下：

# Basic Import
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import random
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Hypothesis Testing
from scipy.stats import ttest_ind, ttest_rel, ttest_1samp


# Machine Learning Import
import sklearn as skl
from sklearn import datasets

# Preprocessing
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split, cross_val_score

# Linear Regression 
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.linear_model import Ridge

# KNN Classification
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier, KNeighborsRegressor
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.preprocessing import scale
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from sklearn.metrics import plot_confusion_matrix
from sklearn.metrics import f1_score
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV

# K-means clustering
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans

# Logistic Regression
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression 

# Decision Tree
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor
from sklearn.tree import plot_tree
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score

# Database Import
import sqlite3
from sqlite3 import Error

# Measure Performance
from sklearn.metrics import make_scorer, accuracy_score, r2_score, mean_squared_error
import sklearn.metrics as skm
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report


from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
# plt.style.use('seaborn-notebook')
## inline figures
%matplotlib inline
plt.style.use('seaborn')

## just to make sure few warnings are not shown
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

我试过注释掉 plt.style.use('seaborn') 但没有成功。如有任何建议，我们将不胜感激

Answer 1

plot_tree() returns 艺术家列表（Annotations). You can access the arrow and change their properties in a loop. Refer to https://matplotlib.org/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.patches.FancyArrowPatch.html#matplotlib.patches.FancyArrowPatch 列表是您可以更改的属性列表。

我不知道为什么箭头没有出现在你的案例中，但我会从调整它们的颜色和宽度开始。

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn import tree
clf = tree.DecisionTreeClassifier(random_state=0)
iris = load_iris()
clf = clf.fit(iris.data, iris.target)
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,10))
out = tree.plot_tree(clf)
for o in out:
    arrow = o.arrow_patch
    if arrow is not None:
        arrow.set_edgecolor('red')
        arrow.set_linewidth(3)

Answer 2

我在使用 Jupyter Notebook 时遇到了同样的问题。重新启动内核并再次运行ning 代码，为我显示了箭头。我认为这是一个编辑器问题。或者，您可以运行另一个环境中的代码（例如 VScode）并查看差异。

Answer 3

遇到了同样的问题，而且也没有像您自己提到的那样使用 sns。但是有人指出这是一个潜在的问题，所以我 从那个 virtualenv 中卸载了 seaborn 并解决了这个问题。

我不知道为什么会这样；也许我导入的库之一正在以某种方式导入 seaborn。

Answer 4

对我来说，我使用的是 matplotlib 的 fivethirtyeight 主题。将其注释掉，然后重新启动内核。这显示了预期的箭头并且非常清晰。

Answer 5

我在使用 seaborn 进行其他绘图时遇到了类似的问题。我用了 sns.reset_defaults() 问题解决了。

决策树 - 边缘/分支非常轻，不可见

Decision Tree - Edges / Branches so Light that are invisible

python

machine-learning

decision-tree

scikit-learn

seaborn