如何使用 python win32com 在 Excel 中创建枢轴 table

Question

• 给定一个现有的 Excel 文件，其中包含长格式的数据

• 使用 Python win32com 模块

  在 Excel 中自动创建以下枢轴 table

• 以下是使用数据设置 test.xlsx 并连接以创建 Excel com 对象的代码

进口

import win32com.client as win32
from pathlib import Path
import sys
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import random
from datetime import datetime

win32c = win32.constants

创建函数test.xlsx

• 此功能仅提供测试数据和文件

def create_test_excel_file(f_path: Path, f_name: str, sheet_name: str):
    
    filename = f_path / f_name
    random.seed(365)
    np.random.seed(365)
    number_of_data_rows = 1000
    
    # create list of 31 dates
    dates = pd.bdate_range(datetime(2020, 7, 1), freq='1d', periods=31).tolist()

    data = {'date': [random.choice(dates) for _ in range(number_of_data_rows)],
            'expense': [random.choice(['business', 'personal']) for _ in range(number_of_data_rows)],
            'products': [random.choice(['book', 'ribeye', 'coffee', 'salmon', 'alcohol', 'pie']) for _ in range(number_of_data_rows)],
            'price': np.random.normal(15, 5, size=(1, number_of_data_rows))[0]}

    pd.DataFrame(data).to_excel(filename, index=False, sheet_name=sheet_name, float_format='%.2f')

创建 Excel com 对象的函数

def run_excel(f_path: Path, f_name: str, sheet_name: str):

    filename = f_path / f_name

    # create excel object
    excel = win32.gencache.EnsureDispatch('Excel.Application')

    # excel can be visible or not
    excel.Visible = True  # False
    
    # try except for file / path
    try:
        wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(filename)
    except com_error as e:
        if e.excepinfo[5] == -2146827284:
            print(f'Failed to open spreadsheet.  Invalid filename or location: {filename}')
        else:
            raise e
        sys.exit(1)

    # set worksheet
    ws1 = wb.Sheets('data')
    
#     wb.Close(True)
#     excel.Quit()

主要

def main():
    # sheet name for data
    sheet_name = 'data'  # update with sheet name from your file
    # file path
    f_path = Path.cwd()  # file in current working directory
#   f_path = Path(r'c:\...\Documents')  # file located somewhere else
    # excel file
    f_name = 'test.xlsx'
    
    # function calls
    create_test_excel_file(f_path, f_name, sheet_name)  # remove when running your own file
    run_excel(f_path, f_name, sheet_name)

Answer 1

• 找出正确使用 Excel 方法的一个有用方法是在 Excel 中记录一个分步宏，同时在表单中创建一个枢轴 table你要。
  • 这对于创建数据透视表 table 非常有用，该数据透视表必须 运行 在具有现有数据的文件中定期进行。
• 使用问题中的导入和方法
• 为新数据文件修改此代码
  • 更新def main
    • sheet_name
    • f_path
    • f_name
  • 更新def run_excel
    • ws1
    • ws2_name
    • pt_name
    • pt_rows
    • pt_cols
    • pt_filters
    • pt_fields
  • 调用 main() 到 运行 代码

pivot_table 函数

def pivot_table(wb: object, ws1: object, pt_ws: object, ws_name: str, pt_name: str, pt_rows: list, pt_cols: list, pt_filters: list, pt_fields: list):
    """
    wb = workbook1 reference
    ws1 = worksheet1
    pt_ws = pivot table worksheet number
    ws_name = pivot table worksheet name
    pt_name = name given to pivot table
    pt_rows, pt_cols, pt_filters, pt_fields: values selected for filling the pivot tables
    """

    # pivot table location
    pt_loc = len(pt_filters) + 2
    
    # grab the pivot table source data
    pc = wb.PivotCaches().Create(SourceType=win32c.xlDatabase, SourceData=ws1.UsedRange)
    
    # create the pivot table object
    pc.CreatePivotTable(TableDestination=f'{ws_name}!R{pt_loc}C1', TableName=pt_name)

    # selecte the pivot table work sheet and location to create the pivot table
    pt_ws.Select()
    pt_ws.Cells(pt_loc, 1).Select()

    # Sets the rows, columns and filters of the pivot table

    for field_list, field_r in ((pt_filters, win32c.xlPageField), (pt_rows, win32c.xlRowField), (pt_cols, win32c.xlColumnField)):
        for i, value in enumerate(field_list):
            pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).PivotFields(value).Orientation = field_r
            pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).PivotFields(value).Position = i + 1

    # Sets the Values of the pivot table
    for field in pt_fields:
        pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).AddDataField(pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).PivotFields(field[0]), field[1], field[2]).NumberFormat = field[3]

    # Visiblity True or Valse
    pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).ShowValuesRow = True
    pt_ws.PivotTables(pt_name).ColumnGrand = True

更新 run_excel 调用 pivot_table

def run_excel(f_path: Path, f_name: str, sheet_name: str):

    filename = f_path / f_name

    # create excel object
    excel = win32.gencache.EnsureDispatch('Excel.Application')

    # excel can be visible or not
    excel.Visible = True  # False
    
    # try except for file / path
    try:
        wb = excel.Workbooks.Open(filename)
    except com_error as e:
        if e.excepinfo[5] == -2146827284:
            print(f'Failed to open spreadsheet.  Invalid filename or location: {filename}')
        else:
            raise e
        sys.exit(1)

    # set worksheet
    ws1 = wb.Sheets('data')
    
    # Setup and call pivot_table
    ws2_name = 'pivot_table'
    wb.Sheets.Add().Name = ws2_name
    ws2 = wb.Sheets(ws2_name)
    
    pt_name = 'example'
    pt_rows = ['expense']
    pt_cols = ['products']
    pt_filters = ['date']
    # [0]: field name [1]: pivot table column name [3]: calulation method [4]: number format
    pt_fields = [['price', 'price: mean', win32c.xlAverage, '$#,##0.00'],  
                 ['price', 'price: sum', win32c.xlSum, '$#,##0.00'],
                 ['price', 'price: count', win32c.xlCount, '0']]
    
    pivot_table(wb, ws1, ws2, ws2_name, pt_name, pt_rows, pt_cols, pt_filters, pt_fields)
    
#     wb.Close(True)
#     excel.Quit()

资源

• Jupyter Notebook: How to Create a Pivot Table in Excel with the Python win32com Module
• Automate Excel with Python
  • 带枢轴的示例 Table
• Excel VBA reference
• Workbook object (Excel)
• Worksheet object (Excel)