为什么声音在 ALSA 中跳跃?
Why does the sound skip in ALSA?
我正在尝试使用下面的程序播放 this sound,但声音有点快,而且会跳过。声音文件的采样率为 11025 Hz,立体声,样本大小为 16 位。由于参数无效,问题似乎是 snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size()
和 snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size()
(两者都是我正在研究的函数),但我不知道为什么它们无效并且将它们注释掉并不能解决跳过效果.我做错了什么?
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#define STEREO 2
#define BITS 16 / 8
#define FRAMEBUFFERSIZE 512 // in samples
#define PERIODS 2
#define SAMPLERATE 11025
void snd_error_checker(int error, char *function_name)
{
if (error)
{
printf("Error (%s): %s\n", function_name, snd_strerror(error));
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
int main(void)
{
snd_pcm_t *handle;
uint32_t channels = STEREO;
uint32_t sample_size = BITS; // 16 bit
uint32_t frame_size = sample_size * channels;
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames = FRAMEBUFFERSIZE / frame_size;
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames_per_period = frames / PERIODS;
int32_t dir = 0; // No idea what this does.
snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params;
int16_t *buffer;
FILE *wav;
int32_t size;
int error;
error = snd_pcm_open(&handle, "default", SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_open()");
snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(¶ms);
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_any(handle, params);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_any()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size(handle, params, frames);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size(handle, params, frames_per_period, dir);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate(handle, params, SAMPLERATE, dir);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(handle, params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(handle, params, STEREO);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params(handle, params);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params()");
// Insert samples to framebuffer.
wav = fopen("pcm1611s.wav", "r");
fseek(wav, 0L, SEEK_END);
size = ftell(wav);
fseek(wav, 0L, SEEK_SET);
buffer = malloc(size);
fread(buffer, sizeof(int16_t), size, wav);
fclose(wav);
size /= sizeof(int16_t);
// Set ptrbuffer 46 bytes ahead to skip the header.
for (int16_t *ptrbuffer = buffer + 46; size > ptrbuffer - buffer; ptrbuffer += FRAMEBUFFERSIZE * STEREO * BITS)
{
error = snd_pcm_writei(handle, ptrbuffer, frames);
if (error)
{
snd_pcm_recover(handle, error, 0);
}
}
snd_pcm_drain(handle);
snd_pcm_close(handle);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
正确播放需要考虑三点
检查snd_pcm_writei
的return值,会给出一个清晰的思路,如果有错误是怎么回事。参考alsa-project
在 while()
循环中读取文件并提供给 snd_pcm_writei
可能会导致在 运行 下跳过音频(-EPIPE
错误),因为 fread
是一个耗时的调用。
检查所有库调用的 return 值并确保全部成功。
还要确保值在 driver 中设置正确。比如snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate
用snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate
验证后,如果你的驱动不支持采样率11025KHz,我们可以用return的值查出来,再用snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate
#define FRAMEBUFFERSIZE 512 // in samples
评论在撒谎;该值用作字节计数。
uint32_t sample_size = BITS; // 16 bit
评论在撒谎;该值实际上以字节为单位测量。 (并且 BITS
命名错误。)
fread(buffer, sizeof(int16_t), size, wav);
size
是以字节为单位的,但是你告诉fread()
读取16位字。 (这实际上并没有什么坏处,因为它在文件末尾停止读取。但是你应该检查错误。)
int16_t *ptrbuffer = ...
您告诉编译器 ptrbuffer
指向 16 位值。
ptrbuffer += FRAMEBUFFERSIZE * STEREO * BITS
您告诉编译器步过 2048 个 16 位值,即超过 4096 个字节。您实际上想要遍历缓冲区中的所有样本,即 frames * STEREO
.
error = snd_pcm_writei(...);
if (error)
snd_pcm_writei()
returns 正数表示成功;误差为负。
我正在尝试使用下面的程序播放 this sound,但声音有点快,而且会跳过。声音文件的采样率为 11025 Hz,立体声,样本大小为 16 位。由于参数无效,问题似乎是 snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size()
和 snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size()
(两者都是我正在研究的函数),但我不知道为什么它们无效并且将它们注释掉并不能解决跳过效果.我做错了什么?
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#define STEREO 2
#define BITS 16 / 8
#define FRAMEBUFFERSIZE 512 // in samples
#define PERIODS 2
#define SAMPLERATE 11025
void snd_error_checker(int error, char *function_name)
{
if (error)
{
printf("Error (%s): %s\n", function_name, snd_strerror(error));
// exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
int main(void)
{
snd_pcm_t *handle;
uint32_t channels = STEREO;
uint32_t sample_size = BITS; // 16 bit
uint32_t frame_size = sample_size * channels;
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames = FRAMEBUFFERSIZE / frame_size;
snd_pcm_uframes_t frames_per_period = frames / PERIODS;
int32_t dir = 0; // No idea what this does.
snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params;
int16_t *buffer;
FILE *wav;
int32_t size;
int error;
error = snd_pcm_open(&handle, "default", SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_open()");
snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(¶ms);
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_any(handle, params);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_any()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size(handle, params, frames);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size(handle, params, frames_per_period, dir);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_size()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate(handle, params, SAMPLERATE, dir);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(handle, params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(handle, params, STEREO);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format()");
error = snd_pcm_hw_params(handle, params);
snd_error_checker(error, "snd_pcm_hw_params()");
// Insert samples to framebuffer.
wav = fopen("pcm1611s.wav", "r");
fseek(wav, 0L, SEEK_END);
size = ftell(wav);
fseek(wav, 0L, SEEK_SET);
buffer = malloc(size);
fread(buffer, sizeof(int16_t), size, wav);
fclose(wav);
size /= sizeof(int16_t);
// Set ptrbuffer 46 bytes ahead to skip the header.
for (int16_t *ptrbuffer = buffer + 46; size > ptrbuffer - buffer; ptrbuffer += FRAMEBUFFERSIZE * STEREO * BITS)
{
error = snd_pcm_writei(handle, ptrbuffer, frames);
if (error)
{
snd_pcm_recover(handle, error, 0);
}
}
snd_pcm_drain(handle);
snd_pcm_close(handle);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
正确播放需要考虑三点
检查
snd_pcm_writei
的return值,会给出一个清晰的思路,如果有错误是怎么回事。参考alsa-project在
while()
循环中读取文件并提供给snd_pcm_writei
可能会导致在 运行 下跳过音频(-EPIPE
错误),因为fread
是一个耗时的调用。检查所有库调用的 return 值并确保全部成功。 还要确保值在 driver 中设置正确。比如
snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate
用snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate
验证后,如果你的驱动不支持采样率11025KHz,我们可以用return的值查出来,再用snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate
#define FRAMEBUFFERSIZE 512 // in samples
评论在撒谎;该值用作字节计数。
uint32_t sample_size = BITS; // 16 bit
评论在撒谎;该值实际上以字节为单位测量。 (并且 BITS
命名错误。)
fread(buffer, sizeof(int16_t), size, wav);
size
是以字节为单位的,但是你告诉fread()
读取16位字。 (这实际上并没有什么坏处,因为它在文件末尾停止读取。但是你应该检查错误。)
int16_t *ptrbuffer = ...
您告诉编译器 ptrbuffer
指向 16 位值。
ptrbuffer += FRAMEBUFFERSIZE * STEREO * BITS
您告诉编译器步过 2048 个 16 位值,即超过 4096 个字节。您实际上想要遍历缓冲区中的所有样本,即 frames * STEREO
.
error = snd_pcm_writei(...);
if (error)
snd_pcm_writei()
returns 正数表示成功;误差为负。