Django 中的一对一关系

Question

我需要为每个用户创建一个配置文件，包括地址和城市等等...在 Django 模型中使用 OneToOne 关系，所以我不知道该怎么做，我想继承 class 来自 Class 用户的个人资料。

我遇到了这个错误：

django.core.exceptions.FieldError: Unknown field(s) (address) specified for User

这是我的模型： #models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import (
    BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser
)
from phonenumber_field.modelfields import PhoneNumberField


class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, email, fav_color, lastname, password=None, is_active=True, is_staff=False, is_admin=False,):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given email and password.
        """
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('Users must have an email address')
        # if not phone_number:
        #     raise ValueError('user must have phone number')

        user = self.model(
            email=self.normalize_email(email),
            fav_color=fav_color,
            lastname=lastname,
            city=profile.city,
            address=profile.address,

        )

        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_staffuser(self, email, password):
        """
        Creates and saves a staff user with the given email and password.
        """
        user = self.create_user(
            email,
            password=password,
        )
        user.staff = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, password, fav_color, lastname,):
        """
        Creates and saves a superuser with the given email and password.
        """
        user = self.create_user(
            email,
            password=password,
            fav_color=fav_color,
            lastname=lastname,
            

        )
        user.staff = True
        user.admin = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user


class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    email = models.EmailField(
        verbose_name='email address', max_length=255, unique=True)
    
    lastname = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    fav_color = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)  # a admin user; non super-user
    admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)  # a superuser
    # notice the absence of a "Password field", that is built in.
    objects = UserManager()
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    # Email & Password are required by default.
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['fav_color', 'lastname',]

    def get_full_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their email address
        return self.email

    def get_short_name(self):
        # The user is identified by their email address
        return self.email

    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
        return self.email

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        "Does the user have specific permission?"
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        "Does the user have permission to view the app `app_label`?"
        # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always
        return True

    @property
    def is_staff(self):
        "Is the user a member of staff?"
        return self.staff

    @property
    def is_admin(self):
        "Is the user an admin member?"
        return self.admin

    @property
    def is_active(self):
        "Is the user active?"
        return self.active


class profile(User):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE),
    address = models.CharField(max_length=255),
    city = models.CharField(max_length=120),

实际上我不知道如何使用 OneToOne 模型，以及如何从基础 class 继承以订购 classes 请帮忙，坦克你。

Answer 1

你不能那样使用 Django 模型。 User(AbstractBaseUser) 是正确的，因为 AbstractBaseUser 是抽象的。有2个选项

不推荐，为用户添加更多字段（城市、地址...）。
像您一样定义class Profile(models.Model)，创建用户后创建配置文件。

怎么办？

假设您有一个包含 Profile 模型的 accounts 应用程序。

文件accounts/models.py，像你一样定义配置文件字段

class Profile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=120)

文件accounts/__init__.py，定义应用程序配置将被使用。

default_app_config = "accounts.apps.Config"

文件accounts/apps.py

from django.apps import AppConfig

class Config(AppConfig):
    name = 'accounts'

    def ready(self):
        from . import signals

文件accounts/signals.py，安装信号

from django.conf import settings
from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver, Signal
from accounts.models import Profile

@receiver(post_save, sender=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
def create_related_handler(sender, instance, created, **kwargs):
    """
    Once a new User instance was saved:
    Check User instance, if this is new instance (created is True)
    then create a Profile for this user.
    """
    if not created:
        return
    default_data = dict(city='', address='')
    instance.profile = Profile.objects.create(user=instance, **default_data)

不要忘记将 accounts 添加到您的 INSTALLED_APPS 配置中。

Django 中的一对一关系

One To One relationship in Django

oop

django

inheritance

model

one-to-one

怎么办？