如何设置基于触发器的审计？

Question

我有一个 table Employee:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Employee]
(
    [EmployeeCode] [int] NOT NULL,
    [FirstName] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [LastName] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [Email] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [Position] [varchar](30) NULL
)

每当 Position（以及 Old Position、New Position 和 Timestamp) 在 Employee table.

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Employee_Audit]
(
    [EmployeeCode] [int] NOT NULL,
    [FirstName] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [LastName] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [Email] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [PositionOld] [varchar](30) NULL,
    [PositionNew] [varchar](30) NULL,
    [Date] [datetime] NULL
 )

我该如何实现？

Answer 1

您基本上需要一个 UPDATE 触发器来检查 Position 值是否已更改 - 如果已更改，则将详细信息记录到 Employee_Audit:

CREATE OR REPLACE trgEmployeeUpdate
ON dbo.Employee 
AFTER UPDATE 
AS
BEGIN
    -- based on the Inserted and Deleted pseudo tables, join the rows
    -- that were updated and look for changes in "Position"
    INSERT INTO dbo.Employee_Audit (EmployeeCode, FirstName, LastName, Email, 
                                    PositionOld, PositionNew, [Date])
        SELECT
            i.EmployeeCode, i.FirstName, i.LastName, i.Email,
            d.Position, i.Position, SYSDATETIME()
        FROM
            Inserted i
        INNER JOIN
            Deleted d ON i.EmployeeCode = d.EmployeeCode
        WHERE
            i.Position <> d.Position    -- Position has changed
END

Answer 2

除了@marc_s提到的触发选项，如果你想不仅仅考虑位置，还考虑所有列的变化审计，下面的选项提供你做审计，没有任何特定的编程需要。您可以看看它是否适合您的需求。

你可以想到SQL Server Temporal Tables。 Read on SQL Server Temporal Tables on MSDN。它们提供透明的方式来审核行更改。
您还可以使用更改数据捕获选项来跟踪列的历史更改。 Change Data Capture on MSDN

如何设置基于触发器的审计？

How to setup trigger based audit?

sql

tsql

sql-server

ssms

ssms-2012