尝试使用智能指针时抛出异常

Exception thrown while trying to use smart pointers

刚才,我在练习设计模式,最近,我尝试实现工厂方法模式。我的朋友告诉我,我应该始终使用智能指针,所以我试过了,但我的编译器抛出了一个名为“访问冲突”的异常。我究竟做错了什么?有一个名为“Shape”的接口,三个继承自它的classes,Client class 和main 函数。我尝试过使用智能指针来做所有事情,但我有点不确定,如果我做对了。

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

class Shape
{
public:
    virtual void printShape() = 0;
    static std::shared_ptr<Shape> Create(int num);
};

class Triangle : public Shape
{
public:
    virtual void printShape()
    {
        std::cout << "This is Triangle. \n";
    }
};

class Circle : public Shape
{
public:
    virtual void printShape()
    {
        std::cout << "This is Circle. \n";
    }
};

class Rectangle : public Shape
{
public:
    virtual void printShape()
    {
        std::cout << "This is Rectangle. \n";
    }
};

class Client
{
private:
    std::shared_ptr<Shape> shape;
public:
    Client()
    {
        shape=Shape::Create(1);
    }
    std::shared_ptr<Shape>getShape()
    {
        return shape;
    }
};

std::shared_ptr<Shape> Shape::Create(int num)
{
    switch (num)
    {
    case 1:
        return std::shared_ptr<Circle>();
        break;
    case 2:
        return std::shared_ptr<Triangle>();
        break;
    case 3:
        return std::shared_ptr<Rectangle>();
        break;
    }
}

int main()
{
    std::shared_ptr<Client> client;
    std::shared_ptr<Shape> shape = client->getShape();
    shape->printShape();
}

return std::shared_ptr<Circle>(); 这样的 return 语句只是 return 一个空的 std::shared_ptr,什么都不包含。像 shape->printShape(); 一样取消引用会导致 UB。

您应该构建一个对象并使其由std::shared_ptr 管理。例如

std::shared_ptr<Shape> Shape::Create(int num)
{
    switch (num)
    {
    case 1:
        return std::make_shared<Circle>();
        break;
    case 2:
        return std::make_shared<Triangle>();
        break;
    case 3:
        return std::make_shared<Rectangle>();
        break;
    }
}

还有 client.

std::shared_ptr<Client> client = std::make_shared<Client>();

或者只是

Client client; // it seems no need to use shared_pointer for client
std::shared_ptr<Shape> shape = client.getShape();

你在没有对象的情况下制作指针 你必须写

return std::shared_ptr<Circle>(new Circle());

或者更好地使用std::make_shared

return std::make_shared<Circle>();