如何在 tkinter 中嵌入 matplotlib 图时获得 (3d) 交互性 canvas

Question

我已经在 tkinter gui canvas 中嵌入了一个 3D matplotlib 图，但无法使用（鼠标）交互（rotate/zoom 等）。如果我只是使用“pyplot.show()”命令而不嵌入 tk 交互性有效，我是否必须手动设置所有回调才能使用 tkinter 嵌入或是否有简单的方法？

显示立方体的简单示例脚本：

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter.ttk import *

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
from matplotlib import pyplot
from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d

import numpy
from stl import mesh


tk_root = tk.Tk()

figure = pyplot.figure()
axes = mplot3d.Axes3D(figure)

data = numpy.zeros(6, dtype=mesh.Mesh.dtype)
data['vectors'][0] = numpy.array([[0, 1, 1],[1, 0, 1],[0, 0, 1]])
data['vectors'][1] = numpy.array([[1, 0, 1],[0, 1, 1],[1, 1, 1]])
data['vectors'][2] = numpy.array([[1, 0, 0],[1, 0, 1],[1, 1, 0]])
data['vectors'][3] = numpy.array([[1, 1, 1],[1, 0, 1],[1, 1, 0]])
data['vectors'][4] = numpy.array([[0, 0, 0],[1, 0, 0],[1, 0, 1]])
data['vectors'][5] = numpy.array([[0, 0, 0],[0, 0, 1],[1, 0, 1]])
msh = mesh.Mesh(data)

axes.add_collection3d(mplot3d.art3d.Poly3DCollection(msh.vectors))
# pyplot.show()

canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(figure, tk_root)
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(canvas, tk_root)
toolbar.update()
canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)

tk_root.mainloop()

Answer 1

必须 re-bind/connect 从 canvas 对象到图形坐标轴对象的交互回调

canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', view.axes._button_press)
canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', view.axes._button_release)
canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', view.axes._on_move)

如本例中所做的那样：

https://github.com/precise-simulation/mesh-viewer/blob/master/meshviewer_mpl_tk.py#L296-L298

Answer 2

接受的答案是您问题的有效解决方案，但我建议不要将 pyplot 与 tkinter 一起使用，因为它会导致我自己不理解的各种问题（例如：关闭 tkinter window 将离开 pyplot 运行)。相反，我会做这样的事情：

import tkinter as tk
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
from matplotlib.figure import Figure


data=np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
X=np.array([[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2]])
Y=np.array([[2, 2, 2], [1, 1, 1], [0, 0, 0]])
tk_root = tk.Tk()

figure = Figure(figsize=(12, 8))
ax= figure.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection='3d')
ax.plot_surface(data, X, Y, shade=True)
canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(figure, tk_root)
canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.BOTTOM, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', ax._button_press)
canvas.mpl_connect('button_release_event', ax._button_release)
canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', ax._on_move)

tk_root.mainloop()

我知道这个答案并不完全符合你问题的背景，但这是总体思路

如何在 tkinter 中嵌入 matplotlib 图时获得 (3d) 交互性 canvas

How to get (3d) interactivity to work while embedding a matplotlib figure in a tkinter canvas

python

3d

interactive

tkinter

matplotlib