干净的架构和 Asp.Net 核心标识

Question

我正在尝试从我的应用程序中提取 Asp.Net 核心身份 以尊重干净的架构。

目前，我的项目分为4个项目：WebApi、Infrastructure、Application和Core。我希望 Asp.Net EF Core 和 Asp.Net Core Identity 的所有配置都封装到基础设施项目中。这两种服务都将通过应用程序项目中定义的一些接口（例如 IApplicationDbcontext、IUserService、ICurrentUserService）暴露给 WebApi 项目。

不幸的是，我无法使用包管理器命令创建迁移：Add-Migration -Project src\Infrastructure -StartupProject src\WebApi -OutputDir Persistence\Migrations "SmartCollaborationDb_V1"。

错误：Unable to create an object of type 'ApplicationDbContext'. For the different patterns supported at design time, see https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=851728.

你能帮帮我吗？

解决方案结构

src\WebApi\Startup.cs

public class Startup {

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }


        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }


        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) {
            services.AddApplication(Configuration);
            services.AddInfrastructure(Configuration);

services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
            ...

            services.AddScoped<ICurrentUserService, CurrentUserService>();
        }


        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) {
           ...
        }
    }

src\Infrastructure\DependencyInjection.cs

public static class DependencyInjection {

        public static IServiceCollection AddInfrastructure(this IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration config) {
            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
                options.UseSqlServer(
                    config.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection"),
                    context => context.MigrationsAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().FullName)));

            services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole>()
                .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
                .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

            services.AddScoped<IApplicationDbContext>(provider => provider.GetService<ApplicationDbContext>());
            services.AddTransient<IDateTimeService, DateTimeService>();
            services.AddTransient<IUserService, UserService>();

            return services;
        }
    }

src\Infrastructure\Persistence\ApplicationDbContext.cs

    public class ApplicationDbContext : IdentityDbContext<ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole, Guid>, IApplicationDbContext {
        private readonly ICurrentUserService currentUserService;
        private readonly IDateTimeService dateTimeService;

        public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Group> Groups { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }

        public ApplicationDbContext(
            DbContextOptions options,
            ICurrentUserService currentUserService,
            IDateTimeService dateTimeService) :
            base(options) {
            this.currentUserService = currentUserService;
            this.dateTimeService = dateTimeService;
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder builder) {
            builder.ApplyConfigurationsFromAssembly(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());

            base.OnModelCreating(builder);
        }


        public override Task<int> SaveChangesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default) {
            UpdateAuditableEntities();

            return base.SaveChangesAsync(cancellationToken);
        }


        private void UpdateAuditableEntities() {
            foreach (var entry in ChangeTracker.Entries<AuditableEntity>()) {
                switch (entry.State) {
                    case EntityState.Added:
                        entry.Entity.CreatedBy = currentUserService.UserId.ToString();
                        entry.Entity.Created = dateTimeService.Now;
                        break;

                    case EntityState.Modified:
                        entry.Entity.LastModifiedBy = currentUserService.UserId.ToString();
                        entry.Entity.LastModified = dateTimeService.Now;
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

编辑#01

src\WebApi\Services\CurrentUserService.cs

    public class CurrentUserService : ICurrentUserService {
        public Guid UserId { get; }
        public bool IsAuthenticated { get; }
    
        public CurrentUserService(IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor) {
            var claim = httpContextAccessor.HttpContext?.User?.FindFirstValue(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier);
    
            IsAuthenticated = claim != null;
            UserId = IsAuthenticated ? Guid.Parse(claim) : Guid.Empty;
        }
    }

Answer 1

根据提供的信息，我认为问题是服务提供商无法创建 DbContext 的构造函数中所需的某些依赖项（例如 ICurrentUserService 未在您提供的代码中注册或也许 IDateTimeService 有一个未注册的依赖项。

要么确保可以创建 DbContext 的所有依赖项，要么创建 design-time factory。来自链接的 Microsoft 文档的示例：

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;

namespace MyProject
{
    public class BloggingContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<BloggingContext>
    {
        public BloggingContext CreateDbContext(string[] args)
        {
            var optionsBuilder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<BloggingContext>();
            optionsBuilder.UseSqlite("Data Source=blog.db");

            return new BloggingContext(optionsBuilder.Options);
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

您的代码应该（并且确实）通常可以正常工作，并且不需要 IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<DbContext> 派生 class。

我上传了一个 minimal project 到 GitHub，它模仿了您的设计，并且可以毫无问题地使用以下包管理器控制台命令来创建迁移：

Add-Migration -Project "Infrastructure" -StartupProject "WebApi" -OutputDir Persistence\Migrations "Initial"

从这里去哪里

首先，查看 Design-time DbContext Creation，了解 EF Core 如何查找您的 DbContext 派生的 class。

然后在你的代码中放入Debugger.Launch()（和Debugger.Break()）指令，在执行Add-Migration命令时触发JIT调试器。

最后，单步执行您的代码。确保您的 DependencyInjection.AddInfrastructure()、ApplicationDbContext.ApplicationDbContext()、ApplicationDbContext.OnModelCreating() 等方法按预期被调用。

您可能还想让 IDE 在调试时中断任何引发的异常。

您的问题可能与 EF Core 完全无关的问题有关，在实例化上下文之前出现问题。它似乎不是 CurrentUserService 构造函数，但它可能是 IDateTimeService 实现 class 的构造函数或在初始化过程中运行的其他东西。步进抛出代码的时候应该可以发现。

更新：问题与解决方案

不出所料，该问题与 EF Core 无关。 AddFluentValidation() 方法抛出以下异常：

System.NotSupportedException: The invoked member is not supported in a dynamic assembly.
  at at System.Reflection.Emit.InternalAssemblyBuilder.GetExportedTypes()
  at FluentValidation.AssemblyScanner.FindValidatorsInAssembly(Assembly assembly) in /home/jskinner/code/FluentValidation/src/FluentValidation/AssemblyScanner.cs:49
  at FluentValidation.ServiceCollectionExtensions.AddValidatorsFromAssembly(IServiceCollection services, Assembly assembly, ServiceLifetime lifetime) in /home/jskinner/code/FluentValidation/src/FluentValidation.DependencyInjectionExtensions/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs:48
  at FluentValidation.ServiceCollectionExtensions.AddValidatorsFromAssemblies(IServiceCollection services, IEnumerable`1 assemblies, ServiceLifetime lifetime) in /home/jskinner/code/FluentValidation/src/FluentValidation.DependencyInjectionExtensions/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs:35
  at FluentValidation.AspNetCore.FluentValidationMvcExtensions.AddFluentValidation(IMvcBuilder mvcBuilder, Action`1 configurationExpression) in /home/jskinner/code/FluentValidation/src/FluentValidation.AspNetCore/FluentValidationMvcExtensions.cs:72
  at WebApi.Startup.ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) in E:\Sources\SmartCollaboration\WebApi\Startup.cs:52
  at at System.RuntimeMethodHandle.InvokeMethod(Object target, Object[] arguments, Signature sig, Boolean constructor, Boolean wrapExceptions)
  at at System.Reflection.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, Binder binder, Object[] parameters, CultureInfo culture)
  at at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConfigureServicesBuilder.InvokeCore(Object instance, IServiceCollection services)
  at at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConfigureServicesBuilder.<>c__DisplayClass9_0.<Invoke>g__Startup|0(IServiceCollection serviceCollection)
  at at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConfigureServicesBuilder.Invoke(Object instance, IServiceCollection services)
  at at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.ConfigureServicesBuilder.<>c__DisplayClass8_0.<Build>b__0(IServiceCollection services)
  at at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.GenericWebHostBuilder.UseStartup(Type startupType, HostBuilderContext context, IServiceCollection services)
  at at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.GenericWebHostBuilder.<>c__DisplayClass12_0.<UseStartup>b__0(HostBuilderContext context, IServiceCollection services)
  at at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostBuilder.CreateServiceProvider()
  at at Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting.HostBuilder.Build()

处理此问题的一种方法是仅检测是否从 EF Core 工具调用代码，并仅设置必要的服务，如果是的话：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    Debugger.Launch(); // <-- Remove this after debugging! 

    services.AddApplication(Configuration);
    services.AddInfrastructure(Configuration);

    services.AddScoped<ICurrentUserService, CurrentUserService>();

    if (new StackTrace()
        .GetFrames()
        .Any(f => f?.GetMethod()?.DeclaringType?.Namespace == "Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools"))
    {
        // Called by EF Core design-time tools.
        // No need to initialize further.
        return;
    }

    services.AddSwaggerGen(options => {
        options.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo {
            Version = "v1",
            Title = "SmartCollaboration API"
        });
        options.AddFluentValidationRules();
    });

    services.AddHttpContextAccessor();

    services.AddControllers().AddFluentValidation(options =>
        options.RegisterValidatorsFromAssemblies(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()));
}

干净的架构和 Asp.Net 核心标识

Clean Architecture and Asp.Net Core Identity

c#

entity-framework-core

asp.net-core

clean-architecture

asp.net-core-webapi

编辑#01

从这里去哪里

更新：问题与解决方案