在 Black Jack 期间从空列表中弹出错误
Pop from Empty List error during Black Jack
好的，所以我遇到了一个奇怪的错误，不幸的是，我不知道我可以在这里展示这两个例子。
看看下面的代码（对长度表示歉意）：
import random
suits = ('Hearts', 'Diamonds', 'Spades', 'Clubs')
ranks = ('Two', 'Three', 'Four', 'Five', 'Six', 'Seven', 'Eight', 'Nine', 'Ten', 'Jack', 'Queen', 'King', 'Ace')
values = {'Two':2, 'Three':3, 'Four':4, 'Five':5, 'Six':6, 'Seven':7, 'Eight':8,
'Nine':9, 'Ten':10, 'Jack':10, 'Queen':10, 'King':10, 'Ace':11}
class Card():
def __init__(self,suit,rank):
self.suit = suit
self.rank = rank
## Attributes listed in the __init__ statement do not have to
## correlate to called objects (ie: suit,rank)
self.value = values[rank]
## Values represents the integer value of each card as compared
## to it's string (word) based rank
def __str__(self):
return self.rank + " of " + self.suit
## Allows for printing in the form of X of Y, or Two of Hearts as an example
# Deck will be a compilation of all card objects to a single list
# that can then be shuffled, dealt from, etc.
class Deck():
def __init__(self):
## All cards starts off with a blank list
self.all_cards = []
## For each suit in suits
for suit in suits:
### For each rank in ranks
for rank in ranks:
#### Create the Card object equal to the suit and rank of the card
#### ie: Two of spades, three of clubs, etc.
created_card = Card(suit,rank)
#### Then append each card created to the self.all_cards list.
self.all_cards.append(created_card)
def shuffle(self):
## Method call to randomize the self.all_cards list internally
random.shuffle(self.all_cards)
def deal_one(self):
return self.all_cards.pop()
game_deck = Deck()
game_deck.shuffle()
## Checking to make sure the deck is full before continuing
print(len(game_deck.all_cards))
## Attempt without watching tutorial
class Player():
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
self.player_hand = []
self.balance = 100
self.bet = 0
def deposit(self,dep_amt):
self.balance += dep_amt
print(f'{dep_amt} added to balance. New balance is: ${self.balance}')
def withdraw(self,wit_amt):
self.balance -= wit_amt
print(f'{wit_amt} subtracted from balance. New balance is: ${self.balance}')
def player_bet(self,bet_amt = 0):
while True:
bet_amt = int(input("How much would you like to bet? \n"))
if bet_amt > self.balance:
print("Sorry, you don't have enough money, try again.")
elif bet_amt < 1:
print('Sorry, you must bet at least ')
else:
print(f'Thanks, your bet is ${bet_amt}')
self.balance -= bet_amt
print(f'Your remaining balance is ${self.balance}')
break
## May need to be adjusted to clear the hand entirely, unsure
def remove_one(self):
return self.player_hand.pop(0)
# NOTE: The most cards a player can hold without busting is 11
def add_cards(self,new_cards):
### Single card object
self.player_hand.append(new_cards)
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.name} has a balance of ${self.balance}.'
## Attempt without watching tutorial
class Dealer():
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
self.player_hand = []
self.balance = 500
def deposit(self,dep_amt):
self.balance += dep_amt
print(f'{dep_amt} added to balance. New balance is: ${self.balance}')
def withdraw(self,wit_amt):
self.balance -= wit_amt
print(f'{wit_amt} subtracted from balance. New balance is: ${self.balance}')
def remove_one(self):
return self.player_hand.pop(0)
def add_cards(self,new_cards):
### Single card object
self.player_hand.append(new_cards)
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.name} has a balance of ${self.balance}.'
## Full Game Code
game_on = True
playing = False
while game_on == True:
game_check = input('Would you like to play Black Jack, Y/N? ').lower()
if game_check == 'y':
round_counter = 0
dealer_name = 'Klaus the Dealer'
dealer = Dealer(dealer_name)
player_name = input("Player One, what is your name? ")
player_one = Player(player_name)
print(f"Nice to meet you {player_name}, you'll be playing against {dealer_name}\n")
print(player_one)
print(dealer)
print("Let's play Black Jack!\n")
playing = True
else:
print('Ok, have a nice day')
game_on = False
break
while playing == True:
round_counter +=1
for x in range(2):
player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
dealer.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
因此，当我一次性 运行 这段代码时，在最后两行，当代码到达 player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one()) 时出现索引错误，指出 IndexError: pop来自空列表
问题是，如果我 运行 在 Jupiter notebook 中将此代码分行，并将 class 调用与游戏代码的其余部分分开，player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())工作正常。
谁能告诉我是什么导致了这个错误？
你 运行 没牌了...:)
您引用的行在无限循环中。
while playing == True:
round_counter +=1
for x in range(2):
player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
dealer.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
建议：在进行故障排除时，只需在 deal_one() 函数中弹出一个小打印语句，以查看正在处理的内容，然后再将其删除。
好的，感谢 Jeff H 指出卡片交易的调用是在一个无限循环中，尽管我无法通过打破循环本身来解决问题，但我确实弄清楚了如何通过将其吸收到上面的 game_check 语句中来开始初始交易，如下所示：
while game_on == True:
game_check = input('Would you like to play Black Jack, Y/N? ').lower()
if game_check == 'y':
round_counter = 0
dealer_name = 'Klaus the Dealer'
dealer = Dealer(dealer_name)
player_name = input("Player One, what is your name? ")
player_one = Player(player_name)
print(f"Nice to meet you {player_name}, you'll be playing against {dealer_name}\n")
print(player_one)
print(dealer)
print("Let's play Black Jack!\n")
playing = True
for x in range(2):
player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
dealer.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
这不会考虑稍后在另一个 while 循环中必须发牌的问题，但它会解决第一个问题。
好的，所以我遇到了一个奇怪的错误，不幸的是，我不知道我可以在这里展示这两个例子。
看看下面的代码（对长度表示歉意）：
import random
suits = ('Hearts', 'Diamonds', 'Spades', 'Clubs')
ranks = ('Two', 'Three', 'Four', 'Five', 'Six', 'Seven', 'Eight', 'Nine', 'Ten', 'Jack', 'Queen', 'King', 'Ace')
values = {'Two':2, 'Three':3, 'Four':4, 'Five':5, 'Six':6, 'Seven':7, 'Eight':8,
'Nine':9, 'Ten':10, 'Jack':10, 'Queen':10, 'King':10, 'Ace':11}
class Card():
def __init__(self,suit,rank):
self.suit = suit
self.rank = rank
## Attributes listed in the __init__ statement do not have to
## correlate to called objects (ie: suit,rank)
self.value = values[rank]
## Values represents the integer value of each card as compared
## to it's string (word) based rank
def __str__(self):
return self.rank + " of " + self.suit
## Allows for printing in the form of X of Y, or Two of Hearts as an example
# Deck will be a compilation of all card objects to a single list
# that can then be shuffled, dealt from, etc.
class Deck():
def __init__(self):
## All cards starts off with a blank list
self.all_cards = []
## For each suit in suits
for suit in suits:
### For each rank in ranks
for rank in ranks:
#### Create the Card object equal to the suit and rank of the card
#### ie: Two of spades, three of clubs, etc.
created_card = Card(suit,rank)
#### Then append each card created to the self.all_cards list.
self.all_cards.append(created_card)
def shuffle(self):
## Method call to randomize the self.all_cards list internally
random.shuffle(self.all_cards)
def deal_one(self):
return self.all_cards.pop()
game_deck = Deck()
game_deck.shuffle()
## Checking to make sure the deck is full before continuing
print(len(game_deck.all_cards))
## Attempt without watching tutorial
class Player():
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
self.player_hand = []
self.balance = 100
self.bet = 0
def deposit(self,dep_amt):
self.balance += dep_amt
print(f'{dep_amt} added to balance. New balance is: ${self.balance}')
def withdraw(self,wit_amt):
self.balance -= wit_amt
print(f'{wit_amt} subtracted from balance. New balance is: ${self.balance}')
def player_bet(self,bet_amt = 0):
while True:
bet_amt = int(input("How much would you like to bet? \n"))
if bet_amt > self.balance:
print("Sorry, you don't have enough money, try again.")
elif bet_amt < 1:
print('Sorry, you must bet at least ')
else:
print(f'Thanks, your bet is ${bet_amt}')
self.balance -= bet_amt
print(f'Your remaining balance is ${self.balance}')
break
## May need to be adjusted to clear the hand entirely, unsure
def remove_one(self):
return self.player_hand.pop(0)
# NOTE: The most cards a player can hold without busting is 11
def add_cards(self,new_cards):
### Single card object
self.player_hand.append(new_cards)
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.name} has a balance of ${self.balance}.'
## Attempt without watching tutorial
class Dealer():
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
self.player_hand = []
self.balance = 500
def deposit(self,dep_amt):
self.balance += dep_amt
print(f'{dep_amt} added to balance. New balance is: ${self.balance}')
def withdraw(self,wit_amt):
self.balance -= wit_amt
print(f'{wit_amt} subtracted from balance. New balance is: ${self.balance}')
def remove_one(self):
return self.player_hand.pop(0)
def add_cards(self,new_cards):
### Single card object
self.player_hand.append(new_cards)
def __str__(self):
return f'{self.name} has a balance of ${self.balance}.'
## Full Game Code
game_on = True
playing = False
while game_on == True:
game_check = input('Would you like to play Black Jack, Y/N? ').lower()
if game_check == 'y':
round_counter = 0
dealer_name = 'Klaus the Dealer'
dealer = Dealer(dealer_name)
player_name = input("Player One, what is your name? ")
player_one = Player(player_name)
print(f"Nice to meet you {player_name}, you'll be playing against {dealer_name}\n")
print(player_one)
print(dealer)
print("Let's play Black Jack!\n")
playing = True
else:
print('Ok, have a nice day')
game_on = False
break
while playing == True:
round_counter +=1
for x in range(2):
player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
dealer.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
因此，当我一次性 运行 这段代码时，在最后两行，当代码到达 player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one()) 时出现索引错误，指出 IndexError: pop来自空列表
问题是，如果我 运行 在 Jupiter notebook 中将此代码分行，并将 class 调用与游戏代码的其余部分分开，player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())工作正常。
谁能告诉我是什么导致了这个错误？
你 运行 没牌了...:)
您引用的行在无限循环中。
while playing == True:
round_counter +=1
for x in range(2):
player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
dealer.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
建议：在进行故障排除时，只需在 deal_one() 函数中弹出一个小打印语句，以查看正在处理的内容，然后再将其删除。
好的，感谢 Jeff H 指出卡片交易的调用是在一个无限循环中，尽管我无法通过打破循环本身来解决问题，但我确实弄清楚了如何通过将其吸收到上面的 game_check 语句中来开始初始交易，如下所示：
while game_on == True:
game_check = input('Would you like to play Black Jack, Y/N? ').lower()
if game_check == 'y':
round_counter = 0
dealer_name = 'Klaus the Dealer'
dealer = Dealer(dealer_name)
player_name = input("Player One, what is your name? ")
player_one = Player(player_name)
print(f"Nice to meet you {player_name}, you'll be playing against {dealer_name}\n")
print(player_one)
print(dealer)
print("Let's play Black Jack!\n")
playing = True
for x in range(2):
player_one.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
dealer.add_cards(game_deck.deal_one())
这不会考虑稍后在另一个 while 循环中必须发牌的问题，但它会解决第一个问题。