如何在 C# 中映射双 C 结构指针?

How to map double-C-struct-pointer in C#?

我对 libACL 进行了以下 C 调用:

extern int acl_get_entry(acl_t acl, int entry_id, acl_entry_t *entry_p);
extern int acl_get_permset(acl_entry_t entry_d, acl_permset_t *permset_p);

而且我已经将 typedef 追踪到

typedef struct __acl_permset_ext *acl_permset_t;
typedef struct __acl_entry_ext  *acl_entry_t;
typedef struct __acl_ext *acl_t;

在/usr/include/acl/libacl.h 和/usr/include/sys/acl.h

所以除非我犯了一个错误,这意味着上面的本地调用等同于:

extern int acl_get_entry(__acl_ext *acl, int entry_id, __acl_entry_ext **entry_p);
extern int acl_get_permset(__acl_ext *entry_d, __acl_permset_ext **permset_p);

现在我对如何将它们映射到 C# 有点不知所措...
我首先想到我可以这样做:

// extern int acl_get_entry(acl_t acl, int entry_id, acl_entry_t *entry_p);
[SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
[DllImport("acl", CallingConvention = System.Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention.Cdecl, EntryPoint = "acl_get_entry")]
internal static extern int acl_get_entry(__acl_ext* acl, AclEntryConstants entry_id, ref __acl_entry_ext entry_p); // Double pointer, correct ???

这甚至有效,至少表面上如此。
但是当我对 acl_get_permset

做同样的事情时
// extern int acl_get_permset(acl_entry_t entry_d, acl_permset_t *permset_p);
[SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
[DllImport("acl", CallingConvention = System.Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention.Cdecl,
   EntryPoint = "acl_get_permset")]
internal static extern int acl_get_permset(__acl_entry_ext* entry_d, __acl_permset_ext** permset_p); // double pointer ?

又名

internal static extern int acl_get_permset(__acl_entry_ext* entry_d, ref __acl_permset_ext permset_p); // double pointer ?

那就不行了...

我编写了以下 C 代码来检查:

int main()
{
   // Get all the entries
   acl_entry_t acl_entry_;
   acl_permset_t permission_set;
   acl_tag_t acl_kind_tag;

   const char* _filename = "/root/Desktop/CppSharp.txt";
   acl_t acl_file = acl_get_file(_filename, ACL_TYPE_ACCESS);
   int found = acl_get_entry(acl_file, ACL_FIRST_ENTRY, &acl_entry_);


   int a = acl_get_permset(acl_entry_, &permission_set);
   int b = acl_get_tag_type(acl_entry_, &acl_kind_tag);
   printf("a: %d; b: %d\n", a, b);

   acl_entry new_acl;
   new_acl.reading = ACL_GET_PERM(permission_set, ACL_READ);
   new_acl.writing = ACL_GET_PERM(permission_set, ACL_WRITE);
   new_acl.execution = ACL_GET_PERM(permission_set, ACL_EXECUTE);


   return 0;
}

并且 returns a 和 b 的非 -1 值。
但是我的 C# 代码,它的作用完全相同(或者我认为是这样),到达 int found = 1 (就像 C 一样),但是它 returns -1 对于 a 和 b...

static unsafe void ReadACL()
{
   string fileName = "/root/Desktop/CppSharp.txt";
  
   global::acl.__acl_ext* acl_file = NativeMethods.acl_get_file(fileName, global::acl.acl_type_t.ACL_TYPE_ACCESS);


   global::acl.__acl_entry_ext acl_entry_ = new global::acl.__acl_entry_ext();
   int found = NativeMethods.acl_get_entry(acl_file, global::acl.AclEntryConstants.ACL_FIRST_ENTRY, ref acl_entry_);
   System.Console.WriteLine(found);


   global::acl.__acl_permset_ext permission_set;
   acl_tag_t acl_kind_tag = acl_tag_t.ACL_UNDEFINED_TAG;
  
  
   int a = NativeMethods.acl_get_permset(&acl_entry_, &permission_set);
   global::acl.acl_tag_t tag_type = acl_tag_t.ACL_UNDEFINED_TAG;
   int b = NativeMethods.acl_get_tag_type(&acl_entry_, &tag_type);

   System.Console.WriteLine($"{a} {b}");

此外,最奇怪的是 - 我搜索了以下头文件:

/usr/include/acl/libacl.h 
/usr/include/sys/acl.h

__acl_permset_ext__acl_entry_ext 的整个 /usr/include 文件夹,但我需要 google 它们,因为它们无处定义...... C-编译器只使用指针,根本不需要结构?

此外,在手动执行之前,我尝试使用 CppSharp 自动创建绑定,但这些自动生成的绑定有完全相同的问题...

mono ./CppSharp.CLI.exe --arch=x64 --output=/home/username/RiderProjects/TestProject/TestProject/AUTOMAPPED/  /usr/include/acl/libacl.h /usr/include/sys/acl.h

我还注意到一件事: 通过双指针有什么意义? 就像

struct x;
function(ref &x)

恕我直言,这毫无意义,因为您通过引用传递了地址。
这些可能是数组吗?
喜欢

struct[] x;
function(ref x)

常量如下:

// #define ACL_UNDEFINED_ID    ((id_t)-1)

// acl_check error codes
public enum acl_check_errors
   : int
{
    ACL_MULTI_ERROR = (0x1000), // multiple unique objects
    ACL_DUPLICATE_ERROR = (0x2000), // duplicate Id's in entries
    ACL_MISS_ERROR = (0x3000), // missing required entry
    ACL_ENTRY_ERROR = (0x4000) // wrong entry type 
}


// 23.2.2 acl_perm_t values
public enum acl_perm_t
   : uint
{
   ACL_READ = (0x04),
   ACL_WRITE = (0x02),
   ACL_EXECUTE = (0x01),
   // ACL_ADD = (0x08),
   // ACL_DELETE = (0x10),
}


// 23.2.5 acl_tag_t values
public enum acl_tag_t
   : int
{
   ACL_UNDEFINED_TAG = (0x00),
   ACL_USER_OBJ = (0x01),
   ACL_USER = (0x02),
   ACL_GROUP_OBJ = (0x04),
   ACL_GROUP = (0x08),
   ACL_MASK = (0x10),
   ACL_OTHER = (0x20)
}

public enum acl_type_t
   : uint
{
   ACL_TYPE_ACCESS = (0x8000),
   ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT = (0x4000)
}   
// 23.2.8 ACL Entry Constants
public enum AclEntryConstants
   : int
{
   ACL_FIRST_ENTRY = 0,
   ACL_NEXT_ENTRY = 1,
}

这是我 google 一起构建的结构:

// https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/fs/ext2/xfstests-bld/+/301faaf37f99fc30105f261f23d44e2a0632ffc0/acl/libacl/libobj.h
// https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/fs/ext2/xfstests-bld/+/301faaf37f99fc30105f261f23d44e2a0632ffc0/acl/libacl/libobj.h
// https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/fs/ext2/xfstests-bld/+/301faaf37f99fc30105f261f23d44e2a0632ffc0/acl/libacl/libacl.h
// https://allstar.jhuapl.edu/repo/p1/amd64/acl/libacl.h
// https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/fs/ext2/xfstests-bld/+/301faaf37f99fc30105f261f23d44e2a0632ffc0/acl/libacl/libacl.h
// https://kernel.googlesource.com/pub/scm/fs/ext2/xfstests-bld/+/301faaf37f99fc30105f261f23d44e2a0632ffc0/acl/libacl/acl_get_fd.c


[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct obj_prefix
{
   public ulong p_magic;
   public ulong p_flags;
}

// typedef struct __acl_permset_ext *acl_permset_t;
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct __acl_permset_ext
{
   // permset_t      s_perm; // typedef unsigned int permset_t;
   public uint s_perm;
};

// typedef struct acl_permset_obj_tag acl_permset_obj;
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct acl_permset_obj_tag
{
   public obj_prefix o_prefix;
   public __acl_permset_ext i;
};

// #define __U32_TYPE     unsigned int
// #define __ID_T_TYPE    __U32_TYPE
// __STD_TYPE __ID_T_TYPE __id_t;     /* General type for IDs.  */
// typedef __id_t id_t;

/* qualifier object */
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct __qualifier_ext
{
   //id_t                    q_id;
   public uint q_id;
}

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct qualifier_obj_tag
{
   public obj_prefix o_prefix;
   public __qualifier_ext i;
}


[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct acl_entry_obj_tag
{
   public obj_prefix o_prefix;
   public __acl_entry_ext i;
}


// typedef struct __acl_ext    *acl_t;
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct __acl_ext
{
   // typedef struct acl_entry_obj_tag acl_entry_obj;
   // acl_entry_obj      *a_prev, *a_next;
   // acl_entry_obj      *a_curr;
   // acl_entry_obj      *a_prealloc, *a_prealloc_end;

   public acl_entry_obj_tag* a_prev;
   public acl_entry_obj_tag* a_next;
   public acl_entry_obj_tag* a_curr;
   public acl_entry_obj_tag* a_prealloc;

   public acl_entry_obj_tag* a_prealloc_end;

   // size_t a_used; // typedef __SIZE_TYPE__ size_t;
   public ulong a_used;
}


[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct acl_obj_tag
{
   public obj_prefix o_prefix;
   public __acl_ext i;
}


[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct __acl_entry
{
   acl_tag_t e_tag;

   // qualifier_obj      e_id; // typedef struct qualifier_obj_tag qualifier_obj;
   qualifier_obj_tag e_id;

   // acl_permset_obj    e_perm;  //typedef struct acl_permset_obj_tag acl_permset_obj;
   acl_permset_obj_tag e_perm;
}


// typedef struct __acl_entry_ext  *acl_entry_t;
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct __acl_entry_ext
{
   // acl_entry_obj      *e_prev, *e_next; // typedef struct acl_entry_obj_tag acl_entry_obj;
   public acl_entry_obj_tag* e_prev;

   public acl_entry_obj_tag* e_next;

   // acl_obj       *e_container; // typedef struct acl_obj_tag acl_obj;
   public acl_obj_tag* e_container;
   public __acl_entry e_entry;
}

here 来看,这些 ACL 类型定义为:

struct __acl_ext;
struct __acl_entry_ext;
struct __acl_permset_ext;

typedef struct __acl_ext    *acl_t;
typedef struct __acl_entry_ext  *acl_entry_t;
typedef struct __acl_permset_ext *acl_permset_t;

我们被告知结构 __acl_ext 存在,但我们看不到它是如何定义的:我们不知道它有哪些字段。显然它在另一个(私有)头文件或源文件中被正确定义,但我们看不到那些:它们是私有的。

从表面上看,这似乎是一个问题:如果我们不知道它们有多大,或者它们的字段是如何布局的,我们如何使用这些结构?进一步看,您可以看到我们只与这些结构的 指针 交互:ACL 函数将返回一个指针,然后我们可以将其传递给其他 ACL 函数。我们永远不会期望自己取消引用指针。 ACL 代码当然知道指针指向什么,但这对我们是隐藏的。

这叫做opaque pointer

(这可能是一个有用的策略。例如,它让 ACL 库在不破坏消费者的情况下更改结构的定义方式。它还阻止我们直接更改这些结构中的字段,这可能会破坏 ACL 库) .

所以。我们根本不应该尝试为这些结构定义 C# 类型:我们非常不打算这样做。不透明指针的 C# 类型是 IntPtr,所以让我们使用它:

// extern int acl_get_entry(acl_t acl, int entry_id, acl_entry_t *entry_p);
[SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
[DllImport("acl", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, EntryPoint = "acl_get_entry")]
internal static extern int acl_get_entry(IntPtr acl, AclEntryConstants entry_id, out IntPtr entry_p);

// extern int acl_get_permset(acl_entry_t entry_d, acl_permset_t *permset_p);
[SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity]
[DllImport("acl", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, EntryPoint = "acl_get_permset")]
internal static extern int acl_get_permset(IntPtr entry_d, out IntPtr permset_p);

我们可以使用 refout 作为 IntPtr。阅读文档,看起来 C 代码从不读取您传入的双指针的值:它只是将其用作将指针传回的一种方式。因此我们使用 out.