Container::value_type 的模板专业化

Question

我使用以下两个函数将 std 容器转换为字符串以进行日志记录。

template <typename TCollection, std::string(*ToStringFunc)(typename TCollection::value_type)>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection)
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto& element : collection) 
   {
      as_str += ToStringFunc(element) + " ";
   }
   return as_str;
}

template <typename TCollection>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection) 
{
   return LOG_COLLECTION<TCollection, std::to_string>(collection);
}

我想要 std::string 容器的专业化。类似于以下内容：

template <typename TCollection<std::string>>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection<std::string>& collection)
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto& element : collection) 
   {
      as_str += ToStringFunc(element) + " ";
   }
   return as_str;
}

int main()
{
   std::vector<std::string> vec{ "a", "b", "c" };
   std::string as_str = LOG_COLLECTION(vec)
}

我该怎么做（我正在使用 c++11）？我试图在网上搜索但没有找到解决方案。

Answer 1

#include <string>
#include <vector>

template <typename TCollection, std::string (*ToStringFunc)(typename TCollection::value_type)>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection) {
    std::string as_str;
    for (const auto& element : collection) {
        as_str += ToStringFunc(element) + " ";
    }

    return as_str;
}

template<class T>
std::string my_to_string(T val) {
    return std::to_string(val);
}

template<>
std::string my_to_string(std::string val) {
    return val;
}

template <typename TCollection>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection) {
    return LOG_COLLECTION<TCollection, &my_to_string<typename TCollection::value_type>>(collection);
}

int main() {
    auto v = std::vector<int>{1, 2, 3};
    LOG_COLLECTION(v);

    auto v2 = std::vector<std::string>{"A", "aaa", "ee"};
    LOG_COLLECTION(v);
}

Answer 2

解决方案-一：使用template template arguments

点赞 @Scheff suggested in the comments, you can provide a template template function specialization std::string 秒。

以下是示例代码：(See Online Live)

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

// template alias for function pointer
template<template<class...> class TCollection, typename ValueType>
using FunctionPtrType = std::string(*)(typename TCollection<ValueType>::value_type);

// `LOG_COLLECTION` for the  Container<non-std::string>
template <template<class...> class TCollection, typename ValueType>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection<ValueType>& collection,
   FunctionPtrType<TCollection, ValueType> ToStringFunc)
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const ValueType element : collection) {
      as_str += ToStringFunc(element) + " ";
   }
   return as_str;
}

// `LOG_COLLECTION` for the Container<std::string>
template <template<class...> class TCollection, typename... Args>
std::string LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection<std::string, Args...>& collection)
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto& element : collection) {
      as_str += (element + " ");
   }
   return as_str;
}

int main()
{
   std::vector<int> vec{ 1, 2, 3 };
   // call the Container<non-std::string> like
   std::string as_str = LOG_COLLECTION(vec,
                   [](int val) { return ::std::to_string(val); });    

   std::vector<std::string> vec2{ "1", "2", "3" };
   std::string as_str2 = LOG_COLLECTION(vec2); // call with no `ToString` function!     
}

解决方案-二：使用SFINAE

或者 SFINAE（“替换失败不是错误”）LOG_COLLECTION 函数如下：

(See Online Live)

#include <type_traits> // std::integral_constant, std::is_same, std::enable_if

// traits for checking the `value_type == std::string`
template<class Container> struct has_std_string_value_type final
   : public std::integral_constant<bool, std::is_same<std::string, typename Container::value_type>::value>
{};

// template alias for function pointer
template<typename TCollection>
using FunctionPtrType = std::string(*)(typename TCollection::value_type);

// for the Container<non-std::string>
template <typename TCollection>
auto LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection, FunctionPtrType<TCollection> ToStringFunc)
   -> typename std::enable_if<! has_std_string_value_type<TCollection>::value, std::string>::type
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto element : collection) {
      as_str += ToStringFunc(element) + " ";
   }
   return as_str;
}

// for the Container<std::string>
template <typename TCollection>
auto LOG_COLLECTION(const TCollection& collection)
   -> typename std::enable_if<has_std_string_value_type<TCollection>::value, std::string>::type
{
   std::string as_str;
   for (const auto& element : collection) {
      as_str += (element + " ");
   }
   return as_str;
}

Container::value_type 的模板专业化

Template specialization by Container::value_type

c++

c++11

templates

template-specialization

stdstring

解决方案-一：使用template template arguments

解决方案-二：使用SFINAE