临时调用 operator<<

call operator<< on temporary

考虑以下代码 (godbolt):

#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <filesystem>

namespace fs = std::filesystem;

using namespace std::string_literals;

template<class CharT, class Traits>
void test(std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits> &s) {
    s << "Other test\n"s;
}

struct my_struct {
    std::string s = "My Struct\n"s;
};

template<class CharT, class Traits>
std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits> &operator<<(std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits> &stream,
                                              const my_struct &s) {
    stream << s.s;
    return stream;
}

int main() {
    fs::path file("test.txt");
    const my_struct s;

    // A
    operator<<(std::ofstream(file, std::ios_base::app), "Other test!\n"s);   // Runs fine
    std::ofstream(file, std::ios_base::app) << "Das ist ein Test!\n"s;       // Runs fine

    // B
    operator<<(std::ofstream(file, std::ios_base::app), s);                  // Runs fine
    std::ofstream(file, std::ios_base::app) << s;                            // Runs fine

    // C
    // test(std::ofstream(file, std::ios_base::app));                        // Does not compile
}

A 和 B 部分的代码编译得很好,而 C 部分则不行。很明显 test 不能取右值,因为参数是非 const 引用。

但是 AB 不应该相同吗? STL 的 operator<< 和我自己的都将左侧作为非 const 参考。那么为什么他们可以使用临时对象呢?

编译器:

clang version 10.0.0 
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.1.0
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.1.0
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.1.0
Found candidate GCC installation: /usr/lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.1.0
Selected GCC installation: /usr/bin/../lib64/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.1.0
Candidate multilib: .;@m64
Candidate multilib: 32;@m32
Selected multilib: .;@m64

编辑:问题的第一个版本有一个错误,造成了自己的 operator<< 段错误。

So why is it possible for them to work with a temporary object?

因为,与您的 operator << 不同,标准库中的某些内容不是免费的,而是 member functions which can readily work on temporary objects without any problem, while the non-member functions have an explicit overload 采用右值(或更精确的前向)引用。