如何在代表相同标签的每个标记上方设置标题
How to set a title above each marker which represents a same label
我在下面的情节中有第一个版本的图例：
使用以下代码：
# Plot and save : kmax = 0.3
p11, = plt.plot([0], marker='None',
linestyle='None', label='$k_{max} = 0.3$')
p1, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,1], '-b', label = '$GC_{sp}$')
p2, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,2], '-r', label = '$GC_{ph}$')
p3, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,3], '-y', label = '$WL$')
p4, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,4], '-g', label = '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$')
p5, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,5], '-m', label = \
'$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$')
# Plot and save : kmax = 1.0
p12, = plt.plot([0], marker='None',
linestyle='None', label='$k_{max} = 1.0$')
p6, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,1], '--b', label = '$GC_{sp}$')
p7, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,2], '--r', label = '$GC_{ph}$')
p8, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,3], '--y', label = '$WL$')
p9, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,4], '--g', label = '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$')
p10, =plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,5], '--m', label = \
'$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$')
plt.legend(fontsize=14, loc='best', ncol=2, handleheight=1.4, labelspacing=0.05)
如您所见，我为每列标记和列添加了标题（k_max = 0.3 和 k_max = 1.0）。
现在，为了避免这种冗余，我尝试合并所有重复的标签，同时通过以下操作保留每个标记的标题：
from matplotlib.legend_handler import HandlerTuple
# Plot and save : kmax = 0.3
p11, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')
p1, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,1], '-b')
p2, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,2], '-r')
p3, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,3], '-y')
p4, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,4], '-g')
p5, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,5], '-m')
# Plot and save : kmax = 1.0
p12, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')
p6, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,1], '--b')
p7, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,2], '--r')
p8, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,3], '--y')
p9, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,4], '--g')
p10, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,5], '--m')
l = plt.legend([(p1,p6), (p2,p7), (p3,p8), (p4,p9), (p5,p10)], ['$GC_{sp}$', \
'$GC_{ph}$', '$WL$', '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$', '$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$'], \
fontsize=14, loc='best', handlelength=2.5, handleheight=1.4, labelspacing=0.05, \
handler_map={tuple: HandlerTuple(ndivide=None)})
这样，我得到下图：
然后，出现了 2 个问题：
1) The space between 2 markers is too small compared to the first figure : how to insert a bigger space between markers and more标记本身的长度（例如，dash-line 标记有 4 dash-lines，就像我 post)
2) 如何将标题 k_max = 0.3 和 k_max = 1.0 放在每列标记的上方？ : 这样，我可以快速确定我在情节中考虑的情况（就像我在上面的第一个图中所做的那样，但是通过重复显示所有标签两次存在冗余）。
要解决您的问题，您可以尝试以下方法：
1.1 要增加标记之间的 space，您可以提供附加参数 pad 到 HandlerTuple()（来自 here）。它将调整不同标记部分之间的间距。这看起来像：
l = plt.legend(..., handler_map={tuple: HandlerTuple(ndivide=None, pad=2)})
1.2 要为标记添加更多宽度，您可以像这样增加 handlelength 参数的值：
l = plt.legend(..., handlelength=6.5, ...)
这些值的结果如下所示：
- 要在标记列上方指定说明，您可以将
p11, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None') 和 p12, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None') 行修改为以下内容：
# your code:
# p11, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')
# p12, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')
p11, = plt.plot([], marker='[=12=].3$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=18, mec='None')
p12, = plt.plot([], marker='.0$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=18, mec='None')
用空列表 [] 替换 [0] 将导致实际上什么都没有绘制。
mec='None' 将删除标记边缘颜色。没有它，标记看起来像用粗体写的。
要在图例中显示这些“线”，请将以下内容添加到图例中：
l = plt.legend([(p11,p12), ....], ['$k_{max}$', ...], ...)
通过这些调整，图例应如下所示：
完整的代码应该是这样的：
# Plot and save : kmax = 0.3
p11, = plt.plot([], marker=r'[=14=].3$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=18, mec='None')
p1, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,1], '-b')
p2, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,2], '-r')
p3, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,3], '-y')
p4, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,4], '-g')
p5, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,5], '-m')
# Plot and save : kmax = 1.0
p12, = plt.plot([], marker='.0$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=18, mec='None')
p6, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,1], '--b')
p7, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,2], '--r')
p8, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,3], '--y')
p9, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,4], '--g')
p10, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,5], '--m')
l = plt.legend([(p11,p12),(p1,p6), (p2,p7), (p3,p8), (p4,p9), (p5,p10)], ['$k_{max}$','$GC_{sp}$', \
'$GC_{ph}$', '$WL$', '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$', '$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$'], \
fontsize=14, loc='best', handlelength=6.5, handleheight=1.4, labelspacing=0.05, \
handler_map={tuple: HandlerTuple(ndivide=None, pad=2)})
要像您在第一张图片中显示的那样格式化列名，请使用：
# change marker and markersize
p11, = plt.plot([], marker=r'$k_{max}=0.3$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=45, mec='None')
p12, = plt.plot([], marker='$k_{max}=1.0$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=45, mec='None')
# change plt.legend, use 'borderpad' parameter to increase the legend box,
# otherwise part of the column name will be written out of bounds
# | change here
l = plt.legend([(p11,p12),(p1,p6), (p2,p7), (p3,p8), (p4,p9), (p5,p10)], ['','$GC_{sp}$', \
'$GC_{ph}$', '$WL$', '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$', '$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$'], \
fontsize=14, loc='best', handlelength=6.5, handleheight=1.4, labelspacing=0.05, \
borderpad=0.6, # change here
handler_map={tuple: HandlerTuple(ndivide=None, pad=2)})
这将导致：
我在下面的情节中有第一个版本的图例：
使用以下代码：
# Plot and save : kmax = 0.3
p11, = plt.plot([0], marker='None',
linestyle='None', label='$k_{max} = 0.3$')
p1, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,1], '-b', label = '$GC_{sp}$')
p2, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,2], '-r', label = '$GC_{ph}$')
p3, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,3], '-y', label = '$WL$')
p4, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,4], '-g', label = '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$')
p5, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,5], '-m', label = \
'$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$')
# Plot and save : kmax = 1.0
p12, = plt.plot([0], marker='None',
linestyle='None', label='$k_{max} = 1.0$')
p6, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,1], '--b', label = '$GC_{sp}$')
p7, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,2], '--r', label = '$GC_{ph}$')
p8, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,3], '--y', label = '$WL$')
p9, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,4], '--g', label = '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$')
p10, =plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,5], '--m', label = \
'$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$')
plt.legend(fontsize=14, loc='best', ncol=2, handleheight=1.4, labelspacing=0.05)
如您所见，我为每列标记和列添加了标题（k_max = 0.3 和 k_max = 1.0）。
现在，为了避免这种冗余，我尝试合并所有重复的标签，同时通过以下操作保留每个标记的标题：
from matplotlib.legend_handler import HandlerTuple
# Plot and save : kmax = 0.3
p11, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')
p1, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,1], '-b')
p2, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,2], '-r')
p3, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,3], '-y')
p4, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,4], '-g')
p5, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,5], '-m')
# Plot and save : kmax = 1.0
p12, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')
p6, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,1], '--b')
p7, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,2], '--r')
p8, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,3], '--y')
p9, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,4], '--g')
p10, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,5], '--m')
l = plt.legend([(p1,p6), (p2,p7), (p3,p8), (p4,p9), (p5,p10)], ['$GC_{sp}$', \
'$GC_{ph}$', '$WL$', '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$', '$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$'], \
fontsize=14, loc='best', handlelength=2.5, handleheight=1.4, labelspacing=0.05, \
handler_map={tuple: HandlerTuple(ndivide=None)})
这样，我得到下图：
然后，出现了 2 个问题：
1) The space between 2 markers is too small compared to the first figure : how to insert a bigger space between markers and more标记本身的长度（例如，dash-line 标记有 4 dash-lines，就像我 post)
2) 如何将标题 k_max = 0.3 和 k_max = 1.0 放在每列标记的上方？ : 这样，我可以快速确定我在情节中考虑的情况（就像我在上面的第一个图中所做的那样，但是通过重复显示所有标签两次存在冗余）。
要解决您的问题，您可以尝试以下方法：
1.1 要增加标记之间的 space，您可以提供附加参数 pad 到 HandlerTuple()（来自 here）。它将调整不同标记部分之间的间距。这看起来像：
l = plt.legend(..., handler_map={tuple: HandlerTuple(ndivide=None, pad=2)})
1.2 要为标记添加更多宽度，您可以像这样增加 handlelength 参数的值：
l = plt.legend(..., handlelength=6.5, ...)
这些值的结果如下所示：
- 要在标记列上方指定说明，您可以将
p11, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')和p12, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')行修改为以下内容：
# your code:
# p11, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')
# p12, = plt.plot([0], marker='None', linestyle='None')
p11, = plt.plot([], marker='[=12=].3$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=18, mec='None')
p12, = plt.plot([], marker='.0$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=18, mec='None')
用空列表 [] 替换 [0] 将导致实际上什么都没有绘制。
mec='None' 将删除标记边缘颜色。没有它，标记看起来像用粗体写的。
要在图例中显示这些“线”，请将以下内容添加到图例中：
l = plt.legend([(p11,p12), ....], ['$k_{max}$', ...], ...)
通过这些调整，图例应如下所示：
完整的代码应该是这样的：
# Plot and save : kmax = 0.3
p11, = plt.plot([], marker=r'[=14=].3$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=18, mec='None')
p1, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,1], '-b')
p2, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,2], '-r')
p3, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,3], '-y')
p4, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,4], '-g')
p5, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_1[:,5], '-m')
# Plot and save : kmax = 1.0
p12, = plt.plot([], marker='.0$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=18, mec='None')
p6, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,1], '--b')
p7, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,2], '--r')
p8, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,3], '--y')
p9, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,4], '--g')
p10, = plt.plot(FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,0],FoM_vs_Density_array_2[:,5], '--m')
l = plt.legend([(p11,p12),(p1,p6), (p2,p7), (p3,p8), (p4,p9), (p5,p10)], ['$k_{max}$','$GC_{sp}$', \
'$GC_{ph}$', '$WL$', '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$', '$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$'], \
fontsize=14, loc='best', handlelength=6.5, handleheight=1.4, labelspacing=0.05, \
handler_map={tuple: HandlerTuple(ndivide=None, pad=2)})
要像您在第一张图片中显示的那样格式化列名，请使用：
# change marker and markersize
p11, = plt.plot([], marker=r'$k_{max}=0.3$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=45, mec='None')
p12, = plt.plot([], marker='$k_{max}=1.0$', linestyle='None', color='k', markersize=45, mec='None')
# change plt.legend, use 'borderpad' parameter to increase the legend box,
# otherwise part of the column name will be written out of bounds
# | change here
l = plt.legend([(p11,p12),(p1,p6), (p2,p7), (p3,p8), (p4,p9), (p5,p10)], ['','$GC_{sp}$', \
'$GC_{ph}$', '$WL$', '$GC_{ph} + WL + XC$', '$GC_{sp} + (GC_{ph} + WL + XC)$'], \
fontsize=14, loc='best', handlelength=6.5, handleheight=1.4, labelspacing=0.05, \
borderpad=0.6, # change here
handler_map={tuple: HandlerTuple(ndivide=None, pad=2)})
这将导致：