如何在线程外停止预定 task/thread

Question

我正在尝试练习和学习更多关于多线程和调度任务的知识。
我编写了一个测试程序来模拟我试图在机器人中实现的调度程序，它的行为方式我并不真正理解。基本上我创建了一个任务并将其安排到运行并且我希望它在某些事件后被取消（在这种情况下，当计数 > 5 时）。
它似乎运行无限期地即使计数超过 5，但是当我放入一行以休眠主线程或从它打印时，它按我预期的那样工作。

谁能知道为什么会这样？
就好像没有与主线程交互一样，它永远不会遇到条件或者只是忽略它，但是只要我放入一些东西让主线程处理，它也会检查条件。

public class Driver {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    TestScheduler test = new TestScheduler();
    test.startScheduler();
  }
}


public class TestScheduler {
  private static ScheduledExecutorService ses;
  private static int count;

  public TestScheduler(){
    ses = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
    count = 0;
  }

  public void startScheduler() throws InterruptedException {
    System.out.println("startScheduler() thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

    Runnable testTask = () -> {
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": count " + count++);
    };

    System.out.println("Starting test scheduler for 10s");
    ScheduledFuture<?> scheduledFuture = ses.scheduleAtFixedRate(testTask, 5, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    System.out.println("ScheduledFuture started...");

    while(true){
      // if any of the 2 lines below are uncommented, it works as I'd expect it to...
      //Thread.sleep(1000);
      //System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": count " + count);
      if (count > 5){
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": Cancelling scheduled task.");
        scheduledFuture.cancel(true);
        break;
      }
    }
    System.out.println("Ending test scheduler");
  }

这是带有 Thread.sleep 且 println 被注释掉的输出：

startScheduler() thread: main
Starting test scheduler for 10s
ScheduledFuture started...
pool-1-thread-1: count 0
pool-1-thread-2: count 1
pool-1-thread-2: count 2
pool-1-thread-2: count 3
pool-1-thread-2: count 4
pool-1-thread-2: count 5
pool-1-thread-2: count 6
pool-1-thread-2: count 7
pool-1-thread-1: count 8
pool-1-thread-1: count 9
pool-1-thread-1: count 10
...

并取消注释 2 行：

startScheduler() thread: main
Starting test scheduler for 10s
ScheduledFuture started...
main: count 0
main: count 0
main: count 0
main: count 0
pool-1-thread-1: count 0
main: count 1
pool-1-thread-1: count 1
main: count 2
pool-1-thread-1: count 2
main: count 3
pool-1-thread-1: count 3
main: count 4
pool-1-thread-1: count 4
main: count 5
pool-1-thread-1: count 5
main: count 6
main: Cancelling scheduled task.
Ending test scheduler

如果有任何资源可以解释为什么会出现上述情况，并且可能是多线程的介绍，我将不胜感激。

此外，是否有一种理想的方法来处理相关线程之外的取消线程，比如有一个专门用于 checking/managing 条件的方法？

Answer 1

这是由于 race conditions 在访问 count 时发生的。
2个线程在没有任何锁的情况下同时访问这个变量。
您可以使用 AtomicInteger 来克服这个问题：

import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class Driver {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    TestScheduler test = new TestScheduler();
    test.startScheduler();
  }
}


class TestScheduler {
  private ScheduledExecutorService ses = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
  private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);

  public void startScheduler() throws InterruptedException {
    System.out.println("startScheduler() thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

    Runnable testTask = () -> {
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": count " + count.getAndIncrement());
    };

    System.out.println("Starting test scheduler for 10s");
    ScheduledFuture<?> scheduledFuture = ses.scheduleAtFixedRate(testTask, 5, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    System.out.println("ScheduledFuture started...");

    while(true){
      if (count.get() > 5){
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": Cancelling scheduled task.");
        scheduledFuture.cancel(true);
        break;
      }
    }
    System.out.println("Ending test scheduler");
  }
}

Answer 2

其实是因为多线程使用了不同的cpu核心，所以同一个变量在不同的cpu缓存中保持不同的值，你可以将计数设为volatile解决了 problem.You 可以看到 post http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-concurrency/volatile.html 如果你对 volatile 感兴趣的话。代码是

package com.test;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 *
 */
public class TestList {

    public static class TestScheduler {
        private static ScheduledExecutorService ses;
        private static volatile int count;

        public TestScheduler() {
            ses = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
            count = 0;
        }

        public void startScheduler() throws InterruptedException {
            System.out.println("startScheduler() thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

            Runnable testTask = () -> {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": count " + count++);
            };

            System.out.println("Starting test scheduler for 10s");
            ScheduledFuture<?> scheduledFuture = ses.scheduleWithFixedDelay(testTask, 5, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            System.out.println("ScheduledFuture started...");

            while (true) {
                // if any of the 2 lines below are uncommented, it works as I'd expect it to...
                // Thread.sleep(1000);
                // System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": count " + count);
                if (count > 5) {

                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": Cancelling scheduled task.");
                    scheduledFuture.cancel(true);
                    break;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("Ending test scheduler");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        TestScheduler test = new TestScheduler();
        test.startScheduler();
    }

}

如何在线程外停止预定 task/thread

How to stop scheduled task/thread outside of thread

java

multithreading

race-condition

scheduledexecutorservice

java-threads