Android 浓缩咖啡：测试 运行 失败。没有测试结果 空测试套件。为什么？

Question

无法使我的 Espresso UI 测试工作。问题在哪里？
对于这个简单的应用程序，我应该得到什么结果才能认为它正在运行？

我在 Edit Confirurations.

中有 "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" 的 Instrumentation runner

来自 AndroidManifest.xml:

    <instrumentation
android:name="android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
android:targetPackage="my.package"/>

来自 build.gradle:

defaultConfig {
    applicationId "my.package"
    minSdkVersion 18
    targetSdkVersion 22
    versionCode 1
    versionName "1.0"
    testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}

packagingOptions {
    exclude 'LICENSE.txt'}

repositories { jcenter()}

dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.3'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'
testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'}

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        final EditText editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edit_text);
        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.confirm);
        final TextView textView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.you_entered);

        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                textView.setText("You entered: " + editText.getText());
            }
        });
    }
}

ApplicationTest.java

    public class ApplicationTest extends ApplicationTestCase<Application> {
    public ApplicationTest() {
        super(Application.class);
    }
}

MainActivityTest

public class MainActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 <MainActivity> {

    Activity activity;
    public MainActivityTest() {
        super(MainActivity.class);
    }

    @Override
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        super.setUp();
        activity = getActivity();
    }

    @SmallTest
    public void testInputOutput() {
        Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.edit_text)).perform(ViewActions.click())
                .perform(ViewActions.typeText("Espresso"));
        Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.confirm)).perform(ViewActions.click());
        Espresso.onView(ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.you_entered)).check(ViewAssertions.matches
                (ViewMatchers.withText("Espresso")));
        assertEquals(((TextView)ViewMatchers.withId(R.id.you_entered)).getText(), "Espresso");
    }
}

运行所有测试的结果：

Testing started at 12:36 ...
Installing my.package
DEVICE SHELL COMMAND: pm install -r "/data/local/tmp/my.package"
pkg: /data/local/tmp/my.package
Success

Uploading file
    local path: /home/jane_doe/project/android/MyTestApp/app/build/outputs/apk/app-debug-androidTest-unaligned.apk
    remote path: /data/local/tmp/my.package.test
Installing my.package.test
DEVICE SHELL COMMAND: pm install -r "/data/local/tmp/my.package.test"
pkg: /data/local/tmp/my.package.test
Success

Running tests
Test running startedTest running failed: No test results
Empty test suite.

仅 运行 MainActivityTest 的结果：

Testing started at 12:39 ...
12:39:39: Executing external tasks 'cleanTest test --tests cosysoft.cupofcoffee.MainActivityTest'...
:app:cleanTest UP-TO-DATE
:app:preBuild UP-TO-DATE
:app:preDebugBuild UP-TO-DATE
:app:checkDebugManifest
:app:preReleaseBuild UP-TO-DATE
:app:prepareComAndroidSupportAppcompatV72220Library UP-TO-DATE
:app:prepareComAndroidSupportSupportV42220Library UP-TO-DATE
:app:prepareDebugDependencies
:app:compileDebugAidl UP-TO-DATE
:app:compileDebugRenderscript UP-TO-DATE
:app:generateDebugBuildConfig UP-TO-DATE
:app:generateDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE
:app:mergeDebugAssets UP-TO-DATE
:app:generateDebugResValues UP-TO-DATE
:app:generateDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
:app:mergeDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
:app:processDebugManifest UP-TO-DATE
:app:processDebugResources UP-TO-DATE
:app:generateDebugSources UP-TO-DATE
:app:processDebugJavaRes UP-TO-DATE
:app:compileDebugJava UP-TO-DATE
:app:preCompileDebugUnitTestJava
:app:preDebugUnitTestBuild UP-TO-DATE
:app:prepareDebugUnitTestDependencies
:app:processDebugUnitTestJavaRes UP-TO-DATE
:app:compileDebugUnitTestJava UP-TO-DATE
:app:compileDebugUnitTestSources UP-TO-DATE
:app:mockableAndroidJar UP-TO-DATE
:app:assembleDebugUnitTest UP-TO-DATE
:app:testDebug
:app:testDebug FAILED
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:testDebug'.
> No tests found for given includes: [my.package.MainActivityTest]
* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
BUILD FAILED
Total time: 3.079 secs
No tests found for given includes: [my.package.MainActivityTest]

Answer 1

请注意，您使用的是已弃用的 ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2，并且

TestCases like ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 or ServiceTestCase are deprecated in favor of ActivityTestRule or ServiceTestRule.

因此请尝试切换到使用 rules, which is actually pretty straightforward. Also, be sure to use the correct annotations. Check my other answer 以获得更多有用的参考。