C# 虚拟键修改键使用发送输入方法失败
C# virtual key modifier keys fail using Send Input method
我正在尝试将简单的键序列（ctrl-p、shift-p）发送到前台应用程序（恰好是 Visual Studio 编辑器单元测试缓冲区）。无论我尝试什么，我都无法让 control-p 或 shift-p 的测试键序列正常工作。 'p' 出现在缓冲区中，但不与 control/shift 部分一起出现。
我已经从 SO 和网络上轻松阅读了十几个代码示例，阅读了文档并尝试了多得无法计数的变体。但没有成功。我在标准的 Windows10x64 系统上，运行 代码作为单元测试。
下面的代码同时设置了修饰键的虚拟键和扫描码，这在实践中可能是错误的。这两种方法我都试过了，但都没有成功。我包含了设置这两个字段的代码，以便您可以看到我在这两个字段中使用的代码。
有谁知道我做错了什么？谢谢。
** 更新 **
我的代码没有失败。我在 Visual Studio 的单元测试中 运行 它阻止了修改键。当我 运行 单元测试之外的相同代码（没有所有调试层等）时，代码 运行 很好。
教训：不要尝试在单元测试中调试 SendInput 代码修饰符键！！
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern uint MapVirtualKey(uint uCode, uint uMapType);
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern uint SendInput(uint nInputs, KeyInput[] pInputs, int cbSize);
[Flags]
public enum KeyEventFlag
{
KeyDown = 0x0000,
ExtendedKey = 0x0001,
KeyUp = 0x0002,
Unicode = 0x0004,
Scancode = 0x0008
}
[Flags]
public enum InputType : int
{
Mouse = 0,
Keyboard = 1,
Hardware = 2
}
public struct KeyInput
{
public int type;
public WinSend.InputUnion u;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct InputUnion
{
[FieldOffset(0)] public MouseInput mi;
[FieldOffset(0)] public KeyboardInput ki;
[FieldOffset(0)] public HardwareInput hi;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct KeyboardInput
{
public ushort wVk;
public ushort wScan;
public uint dwFlags;
public uint time;
public IntPtr dwExtraInfo;
}
const uint MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC = 0x00;
const uint MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK = 0x01;
const uint MAPVK_VK_TO_CHAR = 0x02;
const uint MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK_EX = 0x03;
const uint MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX = 0x04;
[TestMethod()]
public void SendControlKeyTest() {
DebugOn = true;
const uint VK_CONTROL = 0x11;
const uint VK_LCONTROL = 0xA2;
const uint VK_LSHIFT = 0xA0;
var keyList = new List<KeyInput>();
// wVk = A virtual-key code. The code must be a value in the range 1 to 254.
// If the dwFlags member specifies KEYEVENTF_UNICODE, wVk must be 0.
// wScan = A hardware scan code for the key. If dwFlags specifies KEYEVENTF_UNICODE,
// wScan specifies a Unicode char to send to the foreground application.
// the MapVirtualKey calls return successfully
var scanControl = MapVirtualKey((uint) VK_CONTROL, (uint) MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC);
if (scanControl == 0) Dprint("MapVirtualKey for VK_CONTROL failed.p");
var scanShift = MapVirtualKey((uint) VK_LSHIFT, (uint) MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC);
if (scanShift == 0) Dprint("MapVirtualKey for VK_LSHIFT failed.");
// this fails as is, fails with Flag.Unicode, and fails with no XXcode set
// this also fails with either VK_CONTROL or 0 in the wVk field
var vkdown = new KeyInput();
vkdown.type = (int) InputType.Keyboard;
vkdown.u.ki.wVk = (ushort) VK_CONTROL; // also fails with 0x0
vkdown.u.ki.dwFlags = (uint) (KeyEventFlag.Scancode | KeyEventFlag.KeyDown);
vkdown.u.ki.wScan = (ushort) scanControl;
keyList.Add(vkdown);
// this works - I see the 'p' when it runs
var keydown = new KeyInput();
keydown.type = (int) InputType.Keyboard;
keydown.u.ki.wVk = 0; // must be zero if Flag.Unicode is set
keydown.u.ki.dwFlags = (uint) (KeyEventFlag.Unicode | KeyEventFlag.KeyDown);
keydown.u.ki.wScan = (ushort) 'p';
keyList.Add(keydown);
// this works - I see the 'p' when it runs
var keyup = new KeyInput();
keyup.type = (int) InputType.Keyboard;
keyup.u.ki.wVk = 0; // must be zero if Flag.Unicode is set
keyup.u.ki.dwFlags = (uint) (KeyEventFlag.Unicode | KeyEventFlag.KeyUp);
keyup.u.ki.wScan = (ushort) 'p';
keyList.Add(keyup);
// this fails as is, fails with Flag.Unicode, and fails with no XXcode set
// this also fails with either VK_CONTROL or 0 in the wVk field
var vkup = new KeyInput();
vkup.type = (int) InputType.Keyboard;
vkup.u.ki.wVk = (ushort) VK_CONTROL; // also fails with 0x0
vkup.u.ki.dwFlags = (uint) (KeyEventFlag.Scancode| KeyEventFlag.KeyUp);
vkup.u.ki.wScan = (ushort) scanControl;
keyList.Add(vkup);
// SendInput returns 4, which means it sent 4 events successfully
var keycount = SendInput((uint) keyList.Count, keyList.ToArray(),
Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(KeyInput)));
Dprint($"Sent {keycount} keys to the system.");
// The Control-P should move my caret up one line, but it does not.
// Shift should create a capital P in the buffer, but it does not.
// All I see is a 'p' in the Visual studio buffer
}
抱歉间接回答，但这里是 WPF 应用程序的 100% 工作和测试解决方案。
internal static class NativeMethods
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern uint SendInput(uint nInputs, INPUT[] pInputs, int cbSize);
[Flags]
public enum KeyboardFlags : uint
{
None = 0,
/// <summary>
/// KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY = 0x0001 (If specified, the scan code was preceded by a prefix byte that has the value 0xE0 (224).)
/// </summary>
ExtendedKey = 1,
/// <summary>
/// KEYEVENTF_KEYUP = 0x0002 (If specified, the key is being released. If not specified, the key is being pressed.)
/// </summary>
KeyUp = 2,
/// <summary>
/// KEYEVENTF_UNICODE = 0x0004 (If specified, wScan identifies the key and wVk is ignored.)
/// </summary>
Unicode = 4,
/// <summary>
/// KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE = 0x0008 (Windows 2000/XP: If specified, the system synthesizes a VK_PACKET keystroke. The wVk parameter must be zero. This flag can only be combined with the KEYEVENTF_KEYUP flag. For more information, see the Remarks section.)
/// </summary>
ScanCode = 8,
}
[Flags]
public enum MouseFlags : uint
{
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that movement occurred.
/// </summary>
Move = 0x0001,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the left button was pressed.
/// </summary>
LeftDown = 0x0002,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the left button was released.
/// </summary>
LeftUp = 0x0004,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the right button was pressed.
/// </summary>
RightDown = 0x0008,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the right button was released.
/// </summary>
RightUp = 0x0010,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the middle button was pressed.
/// </summary>
MiddleDown = 0x0020,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the middle button was released.
/// </summary>
MiddleUp = 0x0040,
/// <summary>
/// Windows 2000/XP: Specifies that an X button was pressed.
/// </summary>
XDown = 0x0080,
/// <summary>
/// Windows 2000/XP: Specifies that an X button was released.
/// </summary>
XUp = 0x0100,
/// <summary>
/// Windows NT/2000/XP: Specifies that the wheel was moved, if the mouse has a wheel. The amount of movement is specified in mouseData.
/// </summary>
VerticalWheel = 0x0800,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the wheel was moved horizontally, if the mouse has a wheel. The amount of movement is specified in mouseData. Windows 2000/XP: Not supported.
/// </summary>
HorizontalWheel = 0x1000,
/// <summary>
/// Windows 2000/XP: Maps coordinates to the entire desktop. Must be used with MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE.
/// </summary>
VirtualDesk = 0x4000,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the dx and dy members contain normalized absolute coordinates. If the flag is not set, dxand dy contain relative data (the change in position since the last reported position). This flag can be set, or not set, regardless of what kind of mouse or other pointing device, if any, is connected to the system. For further information about relative mouse motion, see the following Remarks section.
/// </summary>
Absolute = 0x8000,
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct KEYBDINPUT
{
public ushort virtualKey;
public ushort scanCode;
public KeyboardFlags flags;
public uint timeStamp;
public IntPtr extraInfo;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MOUSEINPUT
{
public int deltaX;
public int deltaY;
public uint mouseData;
public MouseFlags flags;
public uint time;
public IntPtr extraInfo;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct HARDWAREINPUT
{
public uint message;
public ushort wParamL;
public ushort wParamH;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct InputUnion
{
[FieldOffset(0)]
public MOUSEINPUT mouse;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public KEYBDINPUT keyboard;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public HARDWAREINPUT hardware;
}
public enum InputType : int
{
Mouse = 0,
Keyboard = 1,
Hardware = 2
}
public struct INPUT
{
public InputType type;
public InputUnion union;
}
}
KeyInterop.VirtualKeyFromKey 这里是 .NET 的标准方法 class。我猜它可以用 WinAPI MapVirtualKey.
代替
public static void ModifiedKeyStroke(Key key, ModifierKeys modifiers)
{
static NativeMethods.INPUT BuildINPUT(Key k, NativeMethods.KeyboardFlags flags) => new NativeMethods.INPUT
{
type = NativeMethods.InputType.Keyboard,
union = new NativeMethods.InputUnion { keyboard = new NativeMethods.KEYBDINPUT { virtualKey = (ushort)KeyInterop.VirtualKeyFromKey(k), scanCode = 0, flags = flags, timeStamp = 0, extraInfo = IntPtr.Zero } }
};
List<Key> keys = new List<Key>();
if (modifiers.HasFlag(ModifierKeys.Control)) keys.Add(Key.LeftCtrl);
if (modifiers.HasFlag(ModifierKeys.Alt)) keys.Add(Key.LeftAlt);
if (modifiers.HasFlag(ModifierKeys.Shift)) keys.Add(Key.LeftShift);
if (modifiers.HasFlag(ModifierKeys.Windows)) keys.Add(Key.LWin);
keys.Add(key);
NativeMethods.INPUT[] inputs = new NativeMethods.INPUT[keys.Count * 2];
uint i = 0;
foreach (Key k in keys) inputs[i++] = BuildINPUT(k, NativeMethods.KeyboardFlags.None);
keys.Reverse();
foreach (Key k in keys) inputs[i++] = BuildINPUT(k, NativeMethods.KeyboardFlags.KeyUp);
_ = NativeMethods.SendInput(i, inputs, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NativeMethods.INPUT)));
}
用法
ModifiedKeyStroke(Key.C, ModifierKeys.Control); // sends Ctrl+C
我正在尝试将简单的键序列（ctrl-p、shift-p）发送到前台应用程序（恰好是 Visual Studio 编辑器单元测试缓冲区）。无论我尝试什么，我都无法让 control-p 或 shift-p 的测试键序列正常工作。 'p' 出现在缓冲区中，但不与 control/shift 部分一起出现。
我已经从 SO 和网络上轻松阅读了十几个代码示例，阅读了文档并尝试了多得无法计数的变体。但没有成功。我在标准的 Windows10x64 系统上，运行 代码作为单元测试。
下面的代码同时设置了修饰键的虚拟键和扫描码，这在实践中可能是错误的。这两种方法我都试过了，但都没有成功。我包含了设置这两个字段的代码，以便您可以看到我在这两个字段中使用的代码。
有谁知道我做错了什么？谢谢。
** 更新 ** 我的代码没有失败。我在 Visual Studio 的单元测试中 运行 它阻止了修改键。当我 运行 单元测试之外的相同代码（没有所有调试层等）时，代码 运行 很好。
教训：不要尝试在单元测试中调试 SendInput 代码修饰符键！！
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern uint MapVirtualKey(uint uCode, uint uMapType);
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern uint SendInput(uint nInputs, KeyInput[] pInputs, int cbSize);
[Flags]
public enum KeyEventFlag
{
KeyDown = 0x0000,
ExtendedKey = 0x0001,
KeyUp = 0x0002,
Unicode = 0x0004,
Scancode = 0x0008
}
[Flags]
public enum InputType : int
{
Mouse = 0,
Keyboard = 1,
Hardware = 2
}
public struct KeyInput
{
public int type;
public WinSend.InputUnion u;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct InputUnion
{
[FieldOffset(0)] public MouseInput mi;
[FieldOffset(0)] public KeyboardInput ki;
[FieldOffset(0)] public HardwareInput hi;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct KeyboardInput
{
public ushort wVk;
public ushort wScan;
public uint dwFlags;
public uint time;
public IntPtr dwExtraInfo;
}
const uint MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC = 0x00;
const uint MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK = 0x01;
const uint MAPVK_VK_TO_CHAR = 0x02;
const uint MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK_EX = 0x03;
const uint MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC_EX = 0x04;
[TestMethod()]
public void SendControlKeyTest() {
DebugOn = true;
const uint VK_CONTROL = 0x11;
const uint VK_LCONTROL = 0xA2;
const uint VK_LSHIFT = 0xA0;
var keyList = new List<KeyInput>();
// wVk = A virtual-key code. The code must be a value in the range 1 to 254.
// If the dwFlags member specifies KEYEVENTF_UNICODE, wVk must be 0.
// wScan = A hardware scan code for the key. If dwFlags specifies KEYEVENTF_UNICODE,
// wScan specifies a Unicode char to send to the foreground application.
// the MapVirtualKey calls return successfully
var scanControl = MapVirtualKey((uint) VK_CONTROL, (uint) MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC);
if (scanControl == 0) Dprint("MapVirtualKey for VK_CONTROL failed.p");
var scanShift = MapVirtualKey((uint) VK_LSHIFT, (uint) MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC);
if (scanShift == 0) Dprint("MapVirtualKey for VK_LSHIFT failed.");
// this fails as is, fails with Flag.Unicode, and fails with no XXcode set
// this also fails with either VK_CONTROL or 0 in the wVk field
var vkdown = new KeyInput();
vkdown.type = (int) InputType.Keyboard;
vkdown.u.ki.wVk = (ushort) VK_CONTROL; // also fails with 0x0
vkdown.u.ki.dwFlags = (uint) (KeyEventFlag.Scancode | KeyEventFlag.KeyDown);
vkdown.u.ki.wScan = (ushort) scanControl;
keyList.Add(vkdown);
// this works - I see the 'p' when it runs
var keydown = new KeyInput();
keydown.type = (int) InputType.Keyboard;
keydown.u.ki.wVk = 0; // must be zero if Flag.Unicode is set
keydown.u.ki.dwFlags = (uint) (KeyEventFlag.Unicode | KeyEventFlag.KeyDown);
keydown.u.ki.wScan = (ushort) 'p';
keyList.Add(keydown);
// this works - I see the 'p' when it runs
var keyup = new KeyInput();
keyup.type = (int) InputType.Keyboard;
keyup.u.ki.wVk = 0; // must be zero if Flag.Unicode is set
keyup.u.ki.dwFlags = (uint) (KeyEventFlag.Unicode | KeyEventFlag.KeyUp);
keyup.u.ki.wScan = (ushort) 'p';
keyList.Add(keyup);
// this fails as is, fails with Flag.Unicode, and fails with no XXcode set
// this also fails with either VK_CONTROL or 0 in the wVk field
var vkup = new KeyInput();
vkup.type = (int) InputType.Keyboard;
vkup.u.ki.wVk = (ushort) VK_CONTROL; // also fails with 0x0
vkup.u.ki.dwFlags = (uint) (KeyEventFlag.Scancode| KeyEventFlag.KeyUp);
vkup.u.ki.wScan = (ushort) scanControl;
keyList.Add(vkup);
// SendInput returns 4, which means it sent 4 events successfully
var keycount = SendInput((uint) keyList.Count, keyList.ToArray(),
Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(KeyInput)));
Dprint($"Sent {keycount} keys to the system.");
// The Control-P should move my caret up one line, but it does not.
// Shift should create a capital P in the buffer, but it does not.
// All I see is a 'p' in the Visual studio buffer
}
抱歉间接回答，但这里是 WPF 应用程序的 100% 工作和测试解决方案。
internal static class NativeMethods
{
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern uint SendInput(uint nInputs, INPUT[] pInputs, int cbSize);
[Flags]
public enum KeyboardFlags : uint
{
None = 0,
/// <summary>
/// KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY = 0x0001 (If specified, the scan code was preceded by a prefix byte that has the value 0xE0 (224).)
/// </summary>
ExtendedKey = 1,
/// <summary>
/// KEYEVENTF_KEYUP = 0x0002 (If specified, the key is being released. If not specified, the key is being pressed.)
/// </summary>
KeyUp = 2,
/// <summary>
/// KEYEVENTF_UNICODE = 0x0004 (If specified, wScan identifies the key and wVk is ignored.)
/// </summary>
Unicode = 4,
/// <summary>
/// KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE = 0x0008 (Windows 2000/XP: If specified, the system synthesizes a VK_PACKET keystroke. The wVk parameter must be zero. This flag can only be combined with the KEYEVENTF_KEYUP flag. For more information, see the Remarks section.)
/// </summary>
ScanCode = 8,
}
[Flags]
public enum MouseFlags : uint
{
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that movement occurred.
/// </summary>
Move = 0x0001,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the left button was pressed.
/// </summary>
LeftDown = 0x0002,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the left button was released.
/// </summary>
LeftUp = 0x0004,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the right button was pressed.
/// </summary>
RightDown = 0x0008,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the right button was released.
/// </summary>
RightUp = 0x0010,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the middle button was pressed.
/// </summary>
MiddleDown = 0x0020,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the middle button was released.
/// </summary>
MiddleUp = 0x0040,
/// <summary>
/// Windows 2000/XP: Specifies that an X button was pressed.
/// </summary>
XDown = 0x0080,
/// <summary>
/// Windows 2000/XP: Specifies that an X button was released.
/// </summary>
XUp = 0x0100,
/// <summary>
/// Windows NT/2000/XP: Specifies that the wheel was moved, if the mouse has a wheel. The amount of movement is specified in mouseData.
/// </summary>
VerticalWheel = 0x0800,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the wheel was moved horizontally, if the mouse has a wheel. The amount of movement is specified in mouseData. Windows 2000/XP: Not supported.
/// </summary>
HorizontalWheel = 0x1000,
/// <summary>
/// Windows 2000/XP: Maps coordinates to the entire desktop. Must be used with MOUSEEVENTF_ABSOLUTE.
/// </summary>
VirtualDesk = 0x4000,
/// <summary>
/// Specifies that the dx and dy members contain normalized absolute coordinates. If the flag is not set, dxand dy contain relative data (the change in position since the last reported position). This flag can be set, or not set, regardless of what kind of mouse or other pointing device, if any, is connected to the system. For further information about relative mouse motion, see the following Remarks section.
/// </summary>
Absolute = 0x8000,
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct KEYBDINPUT
{
public ushort virtualKey;
public ushort scanCode;
public KeyboardFlags flags;
public uint timeStamp;
public IntPtr extraInfo;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MOUSEINPUT
{
public int deltaX;
public int deltaY;
public uint mouseData;
public MouseFlags flags;
public uint time;
public IntPtr extraInfo;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct HARDWAREINPUT
{
public uint message;
public ushort wParamL;
public ushort wParamH;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct InputUnion
{
[FieldOffset(0)]
public MOUSEINPUT mouse;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public KEYBDINPUT keyboard;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public HARDWAREINPUT hardware;
}
public enum InputType : int
{
Mouse = 0,
Keyboard = 1,
Hardware = 2
}
public struct INPUT
{
public InputType type;
public InputUnion union;
}
}
KeyInterop.VirtualKeyFromKey 这里是 .NET 的标准方法 class。我猜它可以用 WinAPI MapVirtualKey.
public static void ModifiedKeyStroke(Key key, ModifierKeys modifiers)
{
static NativeMethods.INPUT BuildINPUT(Key k, NativeMethods.KeyboardFlags flags) => new NativeMethods.INPUT
{
type = NativeMethods.InputType.Keyboard,
union = new NativeMethods.InputUnion { keyboard = new NativeMethods.KEYBDINPUT { virtualKey = (ushort)KeyInterop.VirtualKeyFromKey(k), scanCode = 0, flags = flags, timeStamp = 0, extraInfo = IntPtr.Zero } }
};
List<Key> keys = new List<Key>();
if (modifiers.HasFlag(ModifierKeys.Control)) keys.Add(Key.LeftCtrl);
if (modifiers.HasFlag(ModifierKeys.Alt)) keys.Add(Key.LeftAlt);
if (modifiers.HasFlag(ModifierKeys.Shift)) keys.Add(Key.LeftShift);
if (modifiers.HasFlag(ModifierKeys.Windows)) keys.Add(Key.LWin);
keys.Add(key);
NativeMethods.INPUT[] inputs = new NativeMethods.INPUT[keys.Count * 2];
uint i = 0;
foreach (Key k in keys) inputs[i++] = BuildINPUT(k, NativeMethods.KeyboardFlags.None);
keys.Reverse();
foreach (Key k in keys) inputs[i++] = BuildINPUT(k, NativeMethods.KeyboardFlags.KeyUp);
_ = NativeMethods.SendInput(i, inputs, Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(NativeMethods.INPUT)));
}
用法
ModifiedKeyStroke(Key.C, ModifierKeys.Control); // sends Ctrl+C