为什么 C++ ShowWindow() 在隐藏 window 并显示另一个时不能正常工作？
Why is C++ ShowWindow() not working properly when hiding a window and showing another?
我正在用 C++ 编写我的第一个 Win32 应用程序，我正在尝试创建 3 个 windows，根据用户单击的按钮在它们之间进行重定向。我将 windows (window1,window2,window3) 初始化为 children window hwnd 并且仅将 window1 设置为可见。 window1 也有两个按钮，每个按钮应该指向 window2 或 window3.
我试图隐藏 window1 并使用 ShowWindow()[= 显示我想切换到哪个 window 32=] 函数。但是，它不起作用（单击按钮没有任何作用）。你能帮我理解为什么吗？
在我之前的另一段代码中，我没有创建 window1，按钮和另外两个 windows 只是 hwnd 的 children，按下按钮确实显示了正确的 window，但该按钮仍然存在，即使它不属于那个 window。
此外，有没有更有效的方式在windows之间切换（无需一次又一次地删除和创建它们？
谢谢！！！
编辑：我设法解决了我的问题。它源于我已将 windows 1,2 和 3 声明为静态的事实。通过在与 hwnd 相同的 class 下声明它们，我能够处理来自主 WindowProcedure() 下按钮的消息。因为我的程序会很简单，所以我不需要为新程序创建不同的程序 windows，但多亏了评论，现在我也知道该怎么做了！
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
window1 = CreateWindow("STATIC","Window 1",WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER|WS_CHILD,0,0,600,600,hwnd,NULL,NULL,NULL);
window2 = CreateWindow("STATIC","Window 2",WS_BORDER|WS_CHILD,0,0,600,600,hwnd,NULL,NULL,NULL);
button2 = CreateWindow(
"BUTTON",
"SECOND WINDOW",
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
350, 480,
200, 20,
window1, (HMENU) 2, NULL, NULL);
window3 = CreateWindow("STATIC","Window 3",WS_BORDER|WS_CHILD,0,0,600,600,hwnd,NULL,NULL,NULL);
button3 = CreateWindow(
"BUTTON",
"THIRD WINDOW",
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
50, 480,
200, 20,
window1, (HMENU) 3, NULL, NULL);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
switch(LOWORD(wParam))
{
case 2:
ShowWindow(window1,SW_HIDE);
ShowWindow(window2,SW_SHOW);
break;
case 3:
ShowWindow(window1,SW_HIDE);
ShowWindow(window3,SW_SHOW);
break;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0); /* send a WM_QUIT to the message queue */
break;
default: /* for messages that we don't deal with */
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
首先，按照创建主窗体的步骤创建一个新的window1。
然后为window1创建一个windowprocessforwindow1，在这个函数中处理WM_COMMAND消息。
示例如下：
#include <Windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
LRESULT CALLBACK windowprocessforwindow1(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
static HWND window1, window2, button2, window3, button3;
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("hello windows");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProcedure;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
}
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
TEXT("the hello program"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
while (GetMessageW(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessageW(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
static HINSTANCE hInstance;
static WNDCLASSEX win1;
case WM_CREATE:
hInstance = (HINSTANCE)::GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE);
win1.hInstance = hInstance;
win1.lpszClassName = L"Window 1";
win1.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)windowprocessforwindow1; /* This function is called by windows */
win1.style = CS_DBLCLKS; /* Catch double-clicks */
win1.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
win1.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
win1.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
win1.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
win1.lpszMenuName = NULL; /* No menu */
win1.cbClsExtra = 0; /* No extra bytes after the window class */
win1.cbWndExtra = 0; /* structure or the window instance */
win1.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_BACKGROUND;
if (!RegisterClassEx(&win1))
return 0;
window1 = CreateWindowEx(
0, /* Extended possibilites for variation */
L"Window 1", /* Classname */
L"Window 1", /* Title Text */
WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | WS_CHILD, /* default window */
0, /* Windows decides the position */
0, /* where the window ends up on the screen */
600, /* The programs width */
600, /* and height in pixels */
hwnd, /* The window is a child-window to desktop */
NULL, /* No menu */
hInstance, /* Program Instance handler */
NULL /* No Window Creation data */
);
window2 = CreateWindow(L"STATIC", L"Window 2", WS_BORDER | WS_CHILD, 0, 0, 600, 600, hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
button2 = CreateWindow(
L"BUTTON",
L"SECOND WINDOW",
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
350, 480,
200, 20,
window1, (HMENU)2, NULL, NULL);
window3 = CreateWindow(L"STATIC", L"Window 3", WS_BORDER | WS_CHILD, 0, 0, 600, 600, hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
button3 = CreateWindow(
L"BUTTON",
L"THIRD WINDOW",
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
50, 480,
200, 20,
window1, (HMENU)3, NULL, NULL);
ShowWindow(window1, SW_SHOW);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0); /* send a WM_QUIT to the message queue */
break;
default: /* for messages that we don't deal with */
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK windowprocessforwindow1(HWND handleforwindow1, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
{
switch (wParam) {
case 2:
ShowWindow(window1, SW_HIDE);
ShowWindow(window2, SW_SHOW);
break;
case 3:
ShowWindow(window1, SW_HIDE);
ShowWindow(window3, SW_SHOW);
break;
}
}
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(handleforwindow1, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
我正在用 C++ 编写我的第一个 Win32 应用程序，我正在尝试创建 3 个 windows，根据用户单击的按钮在它们之间进行重定向。我将 windows (window1,window2,window3) 初始化为 children window hwnd 并且仅将 window1 设置为可见。 window1 也有两个按钮，每个按钮应该指向 window2 或 window3.
我试图隐藏 window1 并使用 ShowWindow()[= 显示我想切换到哪个 window 32=] 函数。但是，它不起作用（单击按钮没有任何作用）。你能帮我理解为什么吗？
在我之前的另一段代码中，我没有创建 window1，按钮和另外两个 windows 只是 hwnd 的 children，按下按钮确实显示了正确的 window，但该按钮仍然存在，即使它不属于那个 window。
此外，有没有更有效的方式在windows之间切换（无需一次又一次地删除和创建它们？
谢谢！！！
编辑：我设法解决了我的问题。它源于我已将 windows 1,2 和 3 声明为静态的事实。通过在与 hwnd 相同的 class 下声明它们，我能够处理来自主 WindowProcedure() 下按钮的消息。因为我的程序会很简单，所以我不需要为新程序创建不同的程序 windows，但多亏了评论，现在我也知道该怎么做了！
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
window1 = CreateWindow("STATIC","Window 1",WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER|WS_CHILD,0,0,600,600,hwnd,NULL,NULL,NULL);
window2 = CreateWindow("STATIC","Window 2",WS_BORDER|WS_CHILD,0,0,600,600,hwnd,NULL,NULL,NULL);
button2 = CreateWindow(
"BUTTON",
"SECOND WINDOW",
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
350, 480,
200, 20,
window1, (HMENU) 2, NULL, NULL);
window3 = CreateWindow("STATIC","Window 3",WS_BORDER|WS_CHILD,0,0,600,600,hwnd,NULL,NULL,NULL);
button3 = CreateWindow(
"BUTTON",
"THIRD WINDOW",
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
50, 480,
200, 20,
window1, (HMENU) 3, NULL, NULL);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
switch(LOWORD(wParam))
{
case 2:
ShowWindow(window1,SW_HIDE);
ShowWindow(window2,SW_SHOW);
break;
case 3:
ShowWindow(window1,SW_HIDE);
ShowWindow(window3,SW_SHOW);
break;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage (0); /* send a WM_QUIT to the message queue */
break;
default: /* for messages that we don't deal with */
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
首先，按照创建主窗体的步骤创建一个新的window1。
然后为window1创建一个windowprocessforwindow1，在这个函数中处理WM_COMMAND消息。
示例如下：
#include <Windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
LRESULT CALLBACK windowprocessforwindow1(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
static HWND window1, window2, button2, window3, button3;
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("hello windows");
HWND hwnd;
MSG msg;
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProcedure;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
}
hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName,
TEXT("the hello program"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL,
NULL,
hInstance,
NULL);
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
while (GetMessageW(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessageW(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProcedure(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
static HINSTANCE hInstance;
static WNDCLASSEX win1;
case WM_CREATE:
hInstance = (HINSTANCE)::GetWindowLong(hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE);
win1.hInstance = hInstance;
win1.lpszClassName = L"Window 1";
win1.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)windowprocessforwindow1; /* This function is called by windows */
win1.style = CS_DBLCLKS; /* Catch double-clicks */
win1.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
win1.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
win1.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
win1.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
win1.lpszMenuName = NULL; /* No menu */
win1.cbClsExtra = 0; /* No extra bytes after the window class */
win1.cbWndExtra = 0; /* structure or the window instance */
win1.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)COLOR_BACKGROUND;
if (!RegisterClassEx(&win1))
return 0;
window1 = CreateWindowEx(
0, /* Extended possibilites for variation */
L"Window 1", /* Classname */
L"Window 1", /* Title Text */
WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | WS_CHILD, /* default window */
0, /* Windows decides the position */
0, /* where the window ends up on the screen */
600, /* The programs width */
600, /* and height in pixels */
hwnd, /* The window is a child-window to desktop */
NULL, /* No menu */
hInstance, /* Program Instance handler */
NULL /* No Window Creation data */
);
window2 = CreateWindow(L"STATIC", L"Window 2", WS_BORDER | WS_CHILD, 0, 0, 600, 600, hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
button2 = CreateWindow(
L"BUTTON",
L"SECOND WINDOW",
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
350, 480,
200, 20,
window1, (HMENU)2, NULL, NULL);
window3 = CreateWindow(L"STATIC", L"Window 3", WS_BORDER | WS_CHILD, 0, 0, 600, 600, hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
button3 = CreateWindow(
L"BUTTON",
L"THIRD WINDOW",
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER,
50, 480,
200, 20,
window1, (HMENU)3, NULL, NULL);
ShowWindow(window1, SW_SHOW);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0); /* send a WM_QUIT to the message queue */
break;
default: /* for messages that we don't deal with */
return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK windowprocessforwindow1(HWND handleforwindow1, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
{
switch (wParam) {
case 2:
ShowWindow(window1, SW_HIDE);
ShowWindow(window2, SW_SHOW);
break;
case 3:
ShowWindow(window1, SW_HIDE);
ShowWindow(window3, SW_SHOW);
break;
}
}
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(handleforwindow1, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}