终止一个 'sleeping' 线程

Terminate a 'sleeping' thread

我有一个任务想在后台运行并且不中断 GUI 线程来检查新程序版本。

当应用程序启动时,它会立即排队一个线程等待 15 秒,然后执行剩余的代码。如果检查是 手动 在 15 秒结束之前触发的,则应终止现有的自动线程。如果应用程序在任何时候关闭,任何剩余的线程都应尽快终止。

为了便于调试,我在下面的示例中使用了 2 分钟。

我现在的问题是,我尝试使用 WaitForTerminateFreeOnTerminateOnTerminated 的组合都无法获得所需的结果。 Destroy 未被调用导致内存泄漏,应用程序在终止线程时挂起,或者出现 Cannot terminate externally created thread 异常。

线程代码

unit unCheckThread;

interface

uses SysUtils, Classes, SyncObjs, Dialogs;

type
  TCheckThread = class(TThread)
  private
    FDelayEvent: TEvent;
    FDelay: Integer;
  public
    constructor Create(const ADelay: Integer);
    destructor Destroy; override;
    procedure Execute; override;
    procedure TerminatedSet; override;
  end;

implementation

{ TCheckThread }

constructor TCheckThread.Create(const ADelay: Integer);
begin
  inherited Create(True);
  FreeOnTerminate := False;

  FDelay := ADelay;
  FDelayEvent := TEvent.Create(nil, True, False, '');
end;

destructor TCheckThread.Destroy;
begin
  FDelayEvent.Free;

  inherited;
end;

procedure TCheckThread.Execute;
begin
  FDelayEvent.WaitFor(MSecsPerSec * FDelay);

  { if another thread has checked while waiting for the delay, cancel this check }
  if Terminated then Exit;

  { some long running code }
  Sleep(10000);

  if Terminated then Exit;

  Synchronize(
    procedure()
    begin
      MessageDlg('Thread completed', mtConfirmation, [mbOK], 0);
    end);
end;

procedure TCheckThread.TerminatedSet;
begin
  FDelayEvent.SetEvent;
end;

end.

UI

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
  Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, unCheckThread, Vcl.StdCtrls;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    Button1: TButton;
    Button2: TButton;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
    AThread: TCheckThread;
    procedure onterminate(Sender: TObject);
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  if Assigned(AThread) then begin
    AThread.Terminate;
//    AThread.WaitFor; // ?
  end;

  AThread := TCheckThread.Create(0); // start immediately
  AThread.OnTerminate := onterminate;
  AThread.Start;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Close;
end;

procedure TForm1.FormClose(Sender: TObject; var Action: TCloseAction);
begin
  if Assigned(AThread) then begin
    AThread.Terminate;
//    AThread.WaitFor; // ??
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  AThread := TCheckThread.Create(SecsPerMin * 2); // wait for 2 mintues before starting
end;

procedure TForm1.onterminate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  FreeAndNil(AThread);
end;

end.

您不能中断 Sleep(),因此这不是调试的好选择,尤其是对于长间隔。您应该改用 FDelayEvent.WaitFor()。这样,线程在终止时可以快速“唤醒”。

此外,不要在 Execute() 结束时调用 Synchronize(),您应该使用 OnTerminate 事件代替线程完成时需要的任何操作。 OnTerminate 已经与主 UI 线程同步。

例如,当线程终止时,您可以使用 OnTerminateAThread 变量设置为 nil,这样您的 Assigned(AThread) 检查就不会失败.您已经在尝试这样做,但是您不能 安全地 Free 来自其 OnTerminate 事件处理程序内部的线程,因此您可以考虑使用 FreeOnTerminate=True,或者至少延迟 Free 直到处理程序退出。

就此而言,我不建议一开始就在应用程序启动时创建延迟线程。请改用 TTimer。当它的 OnTimer 事件被触发时,然后创建一个非延迟线程。如果用户触发手动检查,只需禁用计时器即可。这样,您就不会浪费资源来创建一个闲置的线程,也不必担心多个线程之间的同步问题。

话虽如此,试试这样的东西:

unit unCheckThread;

interface

uses
  Classes;

type
  TCheckThread = class(TThread)
  protected
    procedure Execute; override;
  public
    constructor Create(AOnTerminate: TNotifyEvent);
  end;

implementation

uses
  SysUtils;

{ TCheckThread }

constructor TCheckThread.Create(AOnTerminate: TNotifyEvent);
begin
  inherited Create(False);
  FreeOnTerminate := False;
  OnTerminate := AOnTerminate;
end;

procedure TCheckThread.Execute;
var
  I: Integer;
begin
  { some long running code }
  for I := 1 to 20 do
  begin
    if Terminated then Exit;
    Sleep(500);
  end;
end;

end.
unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Winapi.Windows, Winapi.Messages, System.SysUtils, System.Variants, System.Classes, Vcl.Graphics,
  Vcl.Controls, Vcl.Forms, Vcl.Dialogs, Vcl.StdCtrls, unCheckThread;

const
  WM_FREE_THREAD = WM_APP + 1;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    Button1: TButton;
    Button2: TButton;
    Timer1: TTimer;
    procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
    procedure Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
  private
    { Private declarations }
    AThread: TCheckThread;
    procedure ThreadFinished(Sender: TObject);
    procedure StartThread;
    procedure StopThread;
    procedure WMFreeThread(var Message: TMessage); message WM_FREE_THREAD;
  public
    { Public declarations }
  end;

var
  Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  StartThread;
end;

procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Close;
end;

procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Timer1.Interval := 120000; // wait for 2 minutes before starting
  Timer1.Enabled = True;
end;

procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
  StopThread;
end;

procedure TForm1.StartThread;
begin
  Timer1.Enabled := False;
  if not Assigned(AThread) then
  begin
    AThread := TCheckThread.Create(ThreadFinished);
    Button1.Enabled := False;
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.StopThread;
begin
  if Assigned(AThread) then
  begin
    AThread.OnTerminate := nil;
    AThread.Terminate;
    AThread.WaitFor;
    FreeAndNil(AThread);
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.ThreadFinished(Sender: TObject);
begin
  AThread := nil;

  // in 10.2 Tokyo and later, you can use TThread.ForceQueue() instead...
  // TThread.ForceQueue(nil, Sender.Free);
  PostMessage(Handle, WM_FREE_THREAD, 0, LPARAM(Sender));

  MessageDlg('Thread completed', mtConfirmation, [mbOK], 0);
  Button1.Enabled := True;
end;

procedure TForm1.Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Timer1.Enabled := False;
  StartThread;
end;

procedure TForm1.WMFreeThread(var Message: TMessage);
begin
  TObject(Message.LParam).Free;
end;

end.

如果:

  • 无论出于何种原因,您想保留代码的结构...
  • 当你说“如果应用程序在任何时候关闭,任何剩余的线程都应该尽快终止。” -> 这意味着我们并不关心关于线程 run/worked 任何进程的结果 ...

然后:

  • 这不会是一种“干净”,学术、软件工程的方式
  • 这只是完成任务的替代方法(针对 2 个目标:“杀死”/终止线程并避免内存泄漏)
  1. 将您的代码行保留在下方。

    FreeOnTerminate := False;

  2. “杀死”/终止线程(无论其状态如何)。

    TerminateThread(AThread.Handle, 0);

  3. TForm1 has/owns AThread,因为您的代码可能会重新创建 AThread(在 FormCreate 然后在 Button1Click),每次线程终止后立即释放线程(目前,您在 Button1ClickFormClose 中执行此操作)。以防万一你在其他地方做 if Assigned(AThread),使用 FreeAndNil(它释放 AThread 并将其设置为 nil,这样 Assigned(AThread) 可以正确地 return False 当使用您的代码结构终止并释放线程时)。

    FreeAndNil(AThread);

TerminateThread 方法(上面)需要 Winapi.Windows(您在 Unit1 的使用列表中已经有了)。它取代了 AThread.Terminate.

它看起来像下面这样:

  if Assigned(AThread) then begin
    TerminateThread(AThread.Handle, 0);
    FreeAndNil(AThread);
  end;