有没有办法在基于 DOS 的程序中读取键盘修改键，例如 ALT 或 CTRL？

Question

我知道您可能会轮询键盘缓冲区以获取修改键，例如 ALT 或 CTRL。但即使在旧的 DOS 程序中，当我按下这些键时也会有一个动作（f.e。通过按下 ALT 来更改菜单按钮的颜色）。在 DOS 中有没有办法获得这些密钥？这是怎么做到的？我认为在 BASIC 中没有解决方案，尽管 BASIC 有一些可用的 ON Eventhandler。欢迎对这个问题提出任何建议。

Answer 1

可以查看BIOS数据区线性地址1047处的KeyboardStatusFlags。对于 Alt 键，您检查位 3，对于 Ctrl 键，您检查位 2。下一个 QBASIC 程序正是这样做的：

DEF SEG = 0
DO
  IF PEEK(1047) AND 8 THEN
    PRINT "ALT is pressed"
    EXIT DO
  ELSEIF PEEK(1047) AND 4 THEN
    PRINT "CTRL is pressed"
    EXIT DO
  END IF
LOOP

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Is there also a way to get the KEY Pressed (ASCII VALUE) by peeking an address?

您可以再次在键盘缓冲区（循环缓冲区）中找到此信息。 BIOS 维护一个指向下一个可用密钥存储位置 (HEAD) 的 word-sized 指针，以及一个指向最近缓冲密钥存储位置 (TAIL) 后面的 word-sized 指针。如果 HEAD 等于 TAIL，则键盘缓冲区为空。在这种情况下，INKEY$ 会 return 一个空字符串。

Head% = PEEK(1050) + 256 * PEEK(1051)
Tail% = PEEK(1052) + 256 * PEEK(1053)
IF Head% <> Tail% THEN
  Ascii% = PEEK(1024 + Head%)
  Scan% = PEEK(1024 + Head% + 1)
ELSE
  Ascii% = 0
  Scan% = 0
END IF

上面代码的'advantage'是你可以预览键盘缓冲区中下一个可用的键（如果有的话）。密钥未被删除。 INKEY$ 可以提供相同的信息 但也会删除密钥。

Answer 2

另一种解决方案是 Michael Petch 的回答：

; Assemble with nasm -f bin getkeyh.asm -o getkeyh.com

GetKeyH:
    push bp
    mov  bp, sp
    les  bx, [bp+6]            ; ES:BX = address of variable to return value in
                               ; [bp+0] is where BP was pushed
                               ; [bp+2] is where the 32-bit far return address is
                               ; [bp+6] is where last parameter is
                               ; Parameters are pushed on stack left to right
                               ; like pascal calling convention.

    in   al,60h                ; Get scancode from keyboard
    xchg dx,ax
    xor  ax,ax                 ; assume no key (AX=0)
    test dl,10000000b          ; is it key up event?
    jnz  short getkeyhD        ;     if it is return 0 (in AX)
    mov  al, dl                ; Otherwise keydown, AX = scan code
getkeyhD:
    mov  [es:bx], ax           ; Update variable with scancode so BASIC can read it.
    pop bp

可以与 MASM/JWASM/Turbo 汇编程序一起使用的版本：

; Assemble and link with Turbo Assembler to getkeyh.com file with: 
; tasm getkeyh.asm
; tlink /t getkeyh
;
; You can use JWASM a MASM clone available on MacOS/Linux/Windows to
; build getkeyh.com . You can use:
; jwasm -bin -Fo=getkeyh.com -0 getkeyh.asm
;
; -0 generates code that can run on 8088/8086 processors
; -1 for 186+ processors
; -2 for 286+ processors
;
; MASM 6.0+ and Segmented Linker LINK.EXE (5.60) can generate getkeyh.com:
; masm getkeyh.asm;
; link /t getkeyh,getkeyh.com;
;
; MASM5.x doesn't support ".model tiny" you have to use ".model small"
; and use LINK.EXE 5.60:
; masm getkeyh.asm;
; link /t getkeyh,getkeyh.com;
 
.model tiny                    ; We will generate a COM file
 
.code
org 100h                       ; COM Programs have an ORG 100h
 
GetKeyH PROC
    push bp
    mov  bp, sp
    les  bx, [bp+6]            ; ES:BX = address of variable to return value in
                               ; [bp+0] is where BP was pushed
                               ; [bp+2] is where the 32-bit far return address is
                               ; [bp+6] is where last parameter is
                               ; Parameters are pushed on stack left to right
                               ; like pascal calling convention.
 
    in   al,60h                ; Get scancode from keyboard
    xchg dx,ax
    xor  ax,ax                 ; assume no key (AX=0)
    test dl,10000000b          ; is it key up event?
    jnz  short getkeyhD        ;     if it is return 0 (in AX)
    mov  al, dl                ; Otherwise keydown, AX = scan code
getkeyhD:
    mov  es:[bx], ax           ; Update var with scancode so Turbo Basic can read it
    pop bp                     ; Do not use `RET`, Turbo Basic will return for us
GetKeyH ENDP
 
END GetKeyH                    ; Entrypoint is GetKeyH

Turbo 基础程序部分：

SUB GetKeyH INLINE
    $INLINE "getkeyh.com"
END SUB

CLS
DO
    LOCATE 10, 10
    Call GetKeyH (scancode%)
    PRINT "Key = "; HEX$(scancode%); "    "
LOOP UNTIL INKEY$ = CHR$(27)

END

有没有办法在基于 DOS 的程序中读取键盘修改键，例如 ALT 或 CTRL？

is there a way to read the Keyboard Modifier Key such as ALT or CTRL in DOS-Based Progarmms?

keyboard

basic

dos

turbo-basic

x86-16

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