在 Linux Ubuntu 18.04 上从 pip 安装 cartopy 退出并出现各种错误
Installing cartopy from pip exits with various errors on Linux Ubuntu 18.04
shell 命令 pip install cartopy 导致了几个错误。
起初，出现了以下错误：
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-a9f6gipd
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/
Complete output (3 lines):
/tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/setup.py:157: UserWarning: Unable to determine Proj version. Ensure you have 4.9.0 or later installed, or installation may fail.
warnings.warn(
Proj version 0.0.0 is installed, but cartopy requires at least version 4.9.0.
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
在重新安装 proj4 并尝试在我的 .bashrc 文件中传递环境变量后，
比如
export PROJ_LIB=/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/proj
export PROJ=/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/proj
错误消息更改如下：
andylu@andylu-ThinkPad-Edge-E130:~/$ pip install cartopy
Collecting cartopy
Using cached Cartopy-0.18.0.tar.gz (14.4 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.10 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.19.1)
Requirement already satisfied: shapely>=1.5.6 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyshp>=1.1.4 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (2.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.3.0 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=0.7.2 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (49.2.1)
Building wheels for collected packages: cartopy
Building wheel for cartopy (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-v0pstk7_
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/
Complete output (272 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cartopy
...
I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/include/python3.8 -c lib/cartopy/trace.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp: In function 'void __pyx_f_7cartopy_5trace__project_segment(GEOSContextHandle_t, const GEOSCoordSequence*, unsigned int, unsigned int, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_Interpolator*, const GEOSPreparedGeometry*, double, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_LineAccumulator*)':
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6362:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_max' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_2 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_max); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6360:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_min' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_3 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_min); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
c++ -pthread -shared -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/proj/7.1.0/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/geos/3.8.1_1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/sqlite/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -R/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -lproj -lgeos_c -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cartopy/trace.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
c++: error: unrecognized command line option '-R'
error: command 'c++' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for cartopy
Running setup.py clean for cartopy
Failed to build cartopy
DEPRECATION: Could not build wheels for cartopy which do not use PEP 517. pip will fall back to legacy 'setup.py install' for these. pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality. A possible replacement is to fix the wheel build issue reported above. You can find discussion regarding this at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8368.
Installing collected packages: cartopy
Running setup.py install for cartopy ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-lmvk94_o/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/include/python3.8/cartopy
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/
Complete output (272 lines):
running install
running build
...
building 'cartopy.trace' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy
cc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DACCEPT_USE_OF_DEPRECATED_PROJ_API_H=1 -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/include -I./lib/cartopy -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/proj/7.1.0/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/geos/3.8.1_1/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/sqlite/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/include/python3.8 -c lib/cartopy/trace.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp: In function 'void __pyx_f_7cartopy_5trace__project_segment(GEOSContextHandle_t, const GEOSCoordSequence*, unsigned int, unsigned int, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_Interpolator*, const GEOSPreparedGeometry*, double, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_LineAccumulator*)':
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6362:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_max' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_2 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_max); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6360:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_min' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_3 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_min); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
c++ -pthread -shared -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/proj/7.1.0/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/geos/3.8.1_1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/sqlite/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -R/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -lproj -lgeos_c -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cartopy/trace.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
c++: error: unrecognized command line option '-R'
error: command 'c++' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-lmvk94_o/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/include/python3.8/cartopy Check the logs for full command output.
完整环境定义
操作系统
Lubuntu 18.04 64 位
Cartopy 版本
Collecting cartopy
Using cached Cartopy-0.18.0.tar.gz (14.4 MB)
点列表
Package Version
----------------------------- ------------
affine 2.3.0
aiohttp 3.6.2
alabaster 0.7.12
argon2-cffi 20.1.0
arrow 0.15.8
asgiref 3.2.10
astroid 2.4.2
async-timeout 3.0.1
attrs 19.3.0
Babel 2.8.0
backcall 0.2.0
beautifulsoup4 4.9.1
bleach 3.1.5
bokeh 2.1.1
Bottleneck 1.3.2
branca 0.4.1
bs4 0.0.1
cachetools 4.1.1
cdsapi 0.3.0
certifi 2020.6.20
cffi 1.14.1
cftime 1.2.1
chardet 3.0.4
click 7.1.2
click-plugins 1.1.1
cligj 0.5.0
cloudpickle 1.5.0
colorama 0.4.3
coverage 5.2.1
cycler 0.10.0
Cython 0.29.21
dask 2.22.0
decorator 4.4.2
defusedxml 0.6.0
descartes 1.1.0
distributed 2.22.0
Django 3.0.9
docutils 0.16
entrypoints 0.3
et-xmlfile 1.0.1
filelock 3.0.12
Fiona 1.8.13.post1
flake8 3.8.3
Flask 1.1.2
folium 0.11.0
fsspec 0.8.0
geojson 2.5.0
geojsoncontour 0.4.0
geopandas 0.8.1
geos 0.2.2
gevent 20.6.2
google 3.0.0
google-api-core 1.22.0
google-auth 1.20.0
google-auth-oauthlib 0.4.1
google-cloud-bigquery 1.26.1
google-cloud-core 1.3.0
google-crc32c 0.1.0
google-resumable-media 0.7.0
googleapis-common-protos 1.52.0
greenlet 0.4.16
grpcio 1.30.0
h5py 2.10.0
HeapDict 1.0.1
html5lib 1.1
hypothesis 5.23.9
idna 2.10
imagesize 1.2.0
imgkit 1.0.2
importlib-metadata 1.7.0
iniconfig 1.0.1
ipykernel 5.3.4
ipython 7.17.0
ipython-genutils 0.2.0
ipywidgets 7.5.1
isort 5.2.2
itsdangerous 1.1.0
jdcal 1.4.1
jedi 0.17.2
Jinja2 2.11.2
joblib 0.16.0
jsonschema 3.2.0
jupyter 1.0.0
jupyter-client 6.1.6
jupyter-console 6.1.0
jupyter-core 4.6.3
kiwisolver 1.2.0
lazy-object-proxy 1.5.1
locket 0.2.0
lxml 4.5.2
MarkupSafe 1.1.1
matplotlib 3.3.0
mccabe 0.6.1
mistune 0.8.4
modin 0.8.0
more-itertools 8.4.0
mpmath 1.1.0
msgpack 1.0.0
multidict 4.7.6
munch 2.5.0
nbconvert 5.6.1
nbformat 5.0.7
netCDF4 1.5.4
networkx 2.4
notebook 6.1.0
numexpr 2.7.1
numpy 1.19.1
oauthlib 3.1.0
openpyxl 3.0.4
osmnx 0.15.1
OWSLib 0.20.0
packaging 20.4
pandas 1.1.0
pandas-datareader 0.9.0
pandas-gbq 0.13.2
pandocfilters 1.4.2
parso 0.7.1
partd 1.1.0
patsy 0.5.1
pdfkit 0.6.1
pep8 1.7.1
pexpect 4.8.0
pickle5 0.0.11
pickleshare 0.7.5
Pillow 7.2.0
pip 20.2
planar 0.4
plotly 4.9.0
pluggy 0.13.1
proj 0.2.0
prometheus-client 0.8.0
prompt-toolkit 3.0.5
protobuf 3.12.4
psutil 5.7.2
ptyprocess 0.6.0
py 1.9.0
py-spy 0.3.3
pyarrow 0.16.0
pyasn1 0.4.8
pyasn1-modules 0.2.8
pycodestyle 2.6.0
pycparser 2.20
pydata-google-auth 1.1.0
pyepsg 0.4.0
pyflakes 2.2.0
Pygments 2.6.1
pyhdf 0.10.2
pykdtree 1.3.1
pylint 2.5.3
pylint-django 2.2.0
pylint-plugin-utils 0.6
pyparsing 2.4.7
pyproj 2.6.1.post1
PyQt5 5.15.0
PyQt5-sip 12.8.0
pyrsistent 0.16.0
pyshp 2.1.0
PySide2 5.15.0
pytest 6.0.1
pytest-cov 2.10.0
pytest-filter-subpackage 0.1.1
python-dateutil 2.8.1
pytz 2020.1
PyYAML 5.3.1
pyzmq 19.0.2
qtconsole 4.7.5
QtPy 1.9.0
rasterio 1.1.5
ray 0.8.6
redis 3.4.1
regex 2020.7.14
requests 2.24.0
requests-oauthlib 1.3.0
retrying 1.3.3
rsa 4.6
Rtree 0.9.4
salem 0.2.4
scikit-learn 0.23.1
scipy 1.5.2
seaborn 0.10.1
Send2Trash 1.5.0
setuptools 49.2.1
Shapely 1.7.0
shiboken2 5.15.0
six 1.15.0
sklearn 0.0
snowballstemmer 2.0.0
snuggs 1.4.7
sortedcollections 1.2.1
sortedcontainers 2.2.2
soupsieve 2.0.1
Sphinx 3.1.2
sphinxcontrib-applehelp 1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-devhelp 1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp 1.0.3
sphinxcontrib-jsmath 1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-qthelp 1.0.3
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.4
SQLAlchemy 1.3.18
sqlparse 0.3.1
statsmodels 0.11.1
swifter 1.0.2
sympy 1.6.1
tables 3.6.1
tblib 1.7.0
terminado 0.8.3
testpath 0.4.4
threadpoolctl 2.1.0
toml 0.10.1
toolz 0.10.0
tornado 6.0.4
tqdm 4.48.1
traitlets 4.3.3
typed-ast 1.4.1
typing-extensions 3.7.4.2
urllib3 1.25.10
wcwidth 0.2.5
webcolors 1.11.1
webencodings 0.5.1
Werkzeug 1.0.1
wheel 0.34.2
widgetsnbextension 3.5.1
windrose 1.6.7
wrapt 1.12.1
xarray 0.16.0
xlrd 1.2.0
XlsxWriter 1.3.1
yapf 0.30.0
yarl 1.5.1
zict 2.0.0
zipp 3.1.0
zope.event 4.4
zope.interface 5.1.0
在搜索主要错误信息 c++: error: unrecognized command line option '-R' 的解决方案后，我终于找到了 in this discussion。
我所做的是使用强大的 find 方法搜索相关文件：
andylu@andylu-ThinkPad-Edge-E130:~/Desktop/Python/Scripts$ sudo find / -type f -iname "unixccompiler.py"
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/.mount_pcloudgeFVGR’: Permission denied
/snap/core/9436/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core/9665/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/gimp/281/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/gimp/273/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1880/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1880/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1880/usr/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
find: ‘/home/andylu/pCloudDrive’: Permission denied
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/libexec/setuptools/build/lib/setuptools/_distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/libexec/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/numpy/1.19.1/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/unixccompiler.py
接下来，我在文本编辑器VS Code中打开了包含当前使用的version 3.8的相关python-files。
然后，我在这些文件中搜索“-R”，找到下面的code-piece:
else:
if self._is_gcc(compiler):
# gcc on non-GNU systems does not need -Wl, but can
# use it anyway. Since distutils has always passed in
# -Wl whenever gcc was used in the past it is probably
# safest to keep doing so.
if sysconfig.get_config_var("GNULD") == "yes":
# GNU ld needs an extra option to get a RUNPATH
# instead of just an RPATH.
return "-Wl,--enable-new-dtags,-R" + dir
else:
return "-Wl,-R" + dir
else:
# No idea how --enable-new-dtags would be passed on to
# ld if this system was using GNU ld. Don't know if a
# system like this even exists.
return "-R" + dir
在这个 code-piece 中，我用 "-rpath=" 替换了 "-R" 和最后的 stand-alone "-R" （上面代码的最后一行）甚至'-Wl,-rpath='。
完成后，code-piece 看起来像这样：
else:
if self._is_gcc(compiler):
# gcc on non-GNU systems does not need -Wl, but can
# use it anyway. Since distutils has always passed in
# -Wl whenever gcc was used in the past it is probably
# safest to keep doing so.
if sysconfig.get_config_var("GNULD") == "yes":
# GNU ld needs an extra option to get a RUNPATH
# instead of just an RPATH.
return "-Wl,--enable-new-dtags,-rpath=" + dir
else:
return "-Wl,-rpath=" + dir
else:
# No idea how --enable-new-dtags would be passed on to
# ld if this system was using GNU ld. Don't know if a
# system like this even exists.
return "-Wl,-rpath=" + dir
保存并关闭above-mentioned修改后python-scripts，cartopy的安装终于成功了：
andylu@andylu-ThinkPad-Edge-E130:~/Desktop/Python/Scripts$ pip install cartopy
Collecting cartopy
Using cached Cartopy-0.18.0.tar.gz (14.4 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.10 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.19.1)
Requirement already satisfied: shapely>=1.5.6 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyshp>=1.1.4 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (2.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.3.0 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=0.7.2 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (49.2.1)
Building wheels for collected packages: cartopy
Building wheel for cartopy (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for cartopy: filename=Cartopy-0.18.0-cp38-cp38-linux_x86_64.whl size=15743039 sha256=b95932012d877432db8e629bdc77e730227f93f94515a54e59e4c6fb6a85bdad
Stored in directory: /home/andylu/.cache/pip/wheels/7c/3c/68/ed800c08e3e6579b632fdd26becee97c5c5474625f6c97eca6
Successfully built cartopy
Installing collected packages: cartopy
Successfully installed cartopy-0.18.0
shell 命令 pip install cartopy 导致了几个错误。
起初，出现了以下错误：
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-a9f6gipd
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/
Complete output (3 lines):
/tmp/pip-install-j47_isf2/cartopy/setup.py:157: UserWarning: Unable to determine Proj version. Ensure you have 4.9.0 or later installed, or installation may fail.
warnings.warn(
Proj version 0.0.0 is installed, but cartopy requires at least version 4.9.0.
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
在重新安装 proj4 并尝试在我的 .bashrc 文件中传递环境变量后，
比如
export PROJ_LIB=/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/proj
export PROJ=/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/proj
错误消息更改如下：
andylu@andylu-ThinkPad-Edge-E130:~/$ pip install cartopy
Collecting cartopy
Using cached Cartopy-0.18.0.tar.gz (14.4 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.10 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.19.1)
Requirement already satisfied: shapely>=1.5.6 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyshp>=1.1.4 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (2.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.3.0 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=0.7.2 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (49.2.1)
Building wheels for collected packages: cartopy
Building wheel for cartopy (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-v0pstk7_
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/
Complete output (272 lines):
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cartopy
...
I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/include/python3.8 -c lib/cartopy/trace.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp: In function 'void __pyx_f_7cartopy_5trace__project_segment(GEOSContextHandle_t, const GEOSCoordSequence*, unsigned int, unsigned int, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_Interpolator*, const GEOSPreparedGeometry*, double, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_LineAccumulator*)':
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6362:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_max' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_2 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_max); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6360:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_min' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_3 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_min); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
c++ -pthread -shared -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/proj/7.1.0/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/geos/3.8.1_1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/sqlite/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -R/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -lproj -lgeos_c -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cartopy/trace.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
c++: error: unrecognized command line option '-R'
error: command 'c++' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for cartopy
Running setup.py clean for cartopy
Failed to build cartopy
DEPRECATION: Could not build wheels for cartopy which do not use PEP 517. pip will fall back to legacy 'setup.py install' for these. pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality. A possible replacement is to fix the wheel build issue reported above. You can find discussion regarding this at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/8368.
Installing collected packages: cartopy
Running setup.py install for cartopy ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-lmvk94_o/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/include/python3.8/cartopy
cwd: /tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/
Complete output (272 lines):
running install
running build
...
building 'cartopy.trace' extension
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib
creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy
cc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -Wall -fPIC -DACCEPT_USE_OF_DEPRECATED_PROJ_API_H=1 -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/include -I./lib/cartopy -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/proj/7.1.0/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/geos/3.8.1_1/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/openssl@1.1/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/sqlite/include -I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/include/python3.8 -c lib/cartopy/trace.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp: In function 'void __pyx_f_7cartopy_5trace__project_segment(GEOSContextHandle_t, const GEOSCoordSequence*, unsigned int, unsigned int, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_Interpolator*, const GEOSPreparedGeometry*, double, __pyx_obj_7cartopy_5trace_LineAccumulator*)':
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6362:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_max' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_2 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_max); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_2)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
lib/cartopy/trace.cpp:6360:52: warning: '__pyx_v_t_min' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
__pyx_t_3 = PyFloat_FromDouble(__pyx_v_t_min); if (unlikely(!__pyx_t_3)) __PYX_ERR(0, 539, __pyx_L1_error)
^
c++ -pthread -shared -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/lib/cartopy/trace.o -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/proj/7.1.0/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/geos/3.8.1_1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/sqlite/lib -L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -R/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/lib -lproj -lgeos_c -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cartopy/trace.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
c++: error: unrecognized command line option '-R'
error: command 'c++' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3.8 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-81mh5l39/cartopy/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-lmvk94_o/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/include/python3.8/cartopy Check the logs for full command output.
完整环境定义
操作系统
Lubuntu 18.04 64 位
Cartopy 版本
Collecting cartopy
Using cached Cartopy-0.18.0.tar.gz (14.4 MB)
点列表
Package Version
----------------------------- ------------
affine 2.3.0
aiohttp 3.6.2
alabaster 0.7.12
argon2-cffi 20.1.0
arrow 0.15.8
asgiref 3.2.10
astroid 2.4.2
async-timeout 3.0.1
attrs 19.3.0
Babel 2.8.0
backcall 0.2.0
beautifulsoup4 4.9.1
bleach 3.1.5
bokeh 2.1.1
Bottleneck 1.3.2
branca 0.4.1
bs4 0.0.1
cachetools 4.1.1
cdsapi 0.3.0
certifi 2020.6.20
cffi 1.14.1
cftime 1.2.1
chardet 3.0.4
click 7.1.2
click-plugins 1.1.1
cligj 0.5.0
cloudpickle 1.5.0
colorama 0.4.3
coverage 5.2.1
cycler 0.10.0
Cython 0.29.21
dask 2.22.0
decorator 4.4.2
defusedxml 0.6.0
descartes 1.1.0
distributed 2.22.0
Django 3.0.9
docutils 0.16
entrypoints 0.3
et-xmlfile 1.0.1
filelock 3.0.12
Fiona 1.8.13.post1
flake8 3.8.3
Flask 1.1.2
folium 0.11.0
fsspec 0.8.0
geojson 2.5.0
geojsoncontour 0.4.0
geopandas 0.8.1
geos 0.2.2
gevent 20.6.2
google 3.0.0
google-api-core 1.22.0
google-auth 1.20.0
google-auth-oauthlib 0.4.1
google-cloud-bigquery 1.26.1
google-cloud-core 1.3.0
google-crc32c 0.1.0
google-resumable-media 0.7.0
googleapis-common-protos 1.52.0
greenlet 0.4.16
grpcio 1.30.0
h5py 2.10.0
HeapDict 1.0.1
html5lib 1.1
hypothesis 5.23.9
idna 2.10
imagesize 1.2.0
imgkit 1.0.2
importlib-metadata 1.7.0
iniconfig 1.0.1
ipykernel 5.3.4
ipython 7.17.0
ipython-genutils 0.2.0
ipywidgets 7.5.1
isort 5.2.2
itsdangerous 1.1.0
jdcal 1.4.1
jedi 0.17.2
Jinja2 2.11.2
joblib 0.16.0
jsonschema 3.2.0
jupyter 1.0.0
jupyter-client 6.1.6
jupyter-console 6.1.0
jupyter-core 4.6.3
kiwisolver 1.2.0
lazy-object-proxy 1.5.1
locket 0.2.0
lxml 4.5.2
MarkupSafe 1.1.1
matplotlib 3.3.0
mccabe 0.6.1
mistune 0.8.4
modin 0.8.0
more-itertools 8.4.0
mpmath 1.1.0
msgpack 1.0.0
multidict 4.7.6
munch 2.5.0
nbconvert 5.6.1
nbformat 5.0.7
netCDF4 1.5.4
networkx 2.4
notebook 6.1.0
numexpr 2.7.1
numpy 1.19.1
oauthlib 3.1.0
openpyxl 3.0.4
osmnx 0.15.1
OWSLib 0.20.0
packaging 20.4
pandas 1.1.0
pandas-datareader 0.9.0
pandas-gbq 0.13.2
pandocfilters 1.4.2
parso 0.7.1
partd 1.1.0
patsy 0.5.1
pdfkit 0.6.1
pep8 1.7.1
pexpect 4.8.0
pickle5 0.0.11
pickleshare 0.7.5
Pillow 7.2.0
pip 20.2
planar 0.4
plotly 4.9.0
pluggy 0.13.1
proj 0.2.0
prometheus-client 0.8.0
prompt-toolkit 3.0.5
protobuf 3.12.4
psutil 5.7.2
ptyprocess 0.6.0
py 1.9.0
py-spy 0.3.3
pyarrow 0.16.0
pyasn1 0.4.8
pyasn1-modules 0.2.8
pycodestyle 2.6.0
pycparser 2.20
pydata-google-auth 1.1.0
pyepsg 0.4.0
pyflakes 2.2.0
Pygments 2.6.1
pyhdf 0.10.2
pykdtree 1.3.1
pylint 2.5.3
pylint-django 2.2.0
pylint-plugin-utils 0.6
pyparsing 2.4.7
pyproj 2.6.1.post1
PyQt5 5.15.0
PyQt5-sip 12.8.0
pyrsistent 0.16.0
pyshp 2.1.0
PySide2 5.15.0
pytest 6.0.1
pytest-cov 2.10.0
pytest-filter-subpackage 0.1.1
python-dateutil 2.8.1
pytz 2020.1
PyYAML 5.3.1
pyzmq 19.0.2
qtconsole 4.7.5
QtPy 1.9.0
rasterio 1.1.5
ray 0.8.6
redis 3.4.1
regex 2020.7.14
requests 2.24.0
requests-oauthlib 1.3.0
retrying 1.3.3
rsa 4.6
Rtree 0.9.4
salem 0.2.4
scikit-learn 0.23.1
scipy 1.5.2
seaborn 0.10.1
Send2Trash 1.5.0
setuptools 49.2.1
Shapely 1.7.0
shiboken2 5.15.0
six 1.15.0
sklearn 0.0
snowballstemmer 2.0.0
snuggs 1.4.7
sortedcollections 1.2.1
sortedcontainers 2.2.2
soupsieve 2.0.1
Sphinx 3.1.2
sphinxcontrib-applehelp 1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-devhelp 1.0.2
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp 1.0.3
sphinxcontrib-jsmath 1.0.1
sphinxcontrib-qthelp 1.0.3
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.4
SQLAlchemy 1.3.18
sqlparse 0.3.1
statsmodels 0.11.1
swifter 1.0.2
sympy 1.6.1
tables 3.6.1
tblib 1.7.0
terminado 0.8.3
testpath 0.4.4
threadpoolctl 2.1.0
toml 0.10.1
toolz 0.10.0
tornado 6.0.4
tqdm 4.48.1
traitlets 4.3.3
typed-ast 1.4.1
typing-extensions 3.7.4.2
urllib3 1.25.10
wcwidth 0.2.5
webcolors 1.11.1
webencodings 0.5.1
Werkzeug 1.0.1
wheel 0.34.2
widgetsnbextension 3.5.1
windrose 1.6.7
wrapt 1.12.1
xarray 0.16.0
xlrd 1.2.0
XlsxWriter 1.3.1
yapf 0.30.0
yarl 1.5.1
zict 2.0.0
zipp 3.1.0
zope.event 4.4
zope.interface 5.1.0
在搜索主要错误信息 c++: error: unrecognized command line option '-R' 的解决方案后，我终于找到了 in this discussion。
我所做的是使用强大的 find 方法搜索相关文件：
andylu@andylu-ThinkPad-Edge-E130:~/Desktop/Python/Scripts$ sudo find / -type f -iname "unixccompiler.py"
find: ‘/run/user/1000/gvfs’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/.mount_pcloudgeFVGR’: Permission denied
/snap/core/9436/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core/9665/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/gimp/281/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/gimp/273/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1880/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1880/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1880/usr/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/snap/core18/1754/usr/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3.6/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
find: ‘/home/andylu/pCloudDrive’: Permission denied
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/libexec/setuptools/build/lib/setuptools/_distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/libexec/setuptools/setuptools/_distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.5/lib/python3.8/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/numpy/1.19.1/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/distutils/unixccompiler.py
/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/unixccompiler.py
接下来，我在文本编辑器VS Code中打开了包含当前使用的version 3.8的相关python-files。
然后，我在这些文件中搜索“-R”，找到下面的code-piece:
else:
if self._is_gcc(compiler):
# gcc on non-GNU systems does not need -Wl, but can
# use it anyway. Since distutils has always passed in
# -Wl whenever gcc was used in the past it is probably
# safest to keep doing so.
if sysconfig.get_config_var("GNULD") == "yes":
# GNU ld needs an extra option to get a RUNPATH
# instead of just an RPATH.
return "-Wl,--enable-new-dtags,-R" + dir
else:
return "-Wl,-R" + dir
else:
# No idea how --enable-new-dtags would be passed on to
# ld if this system was using GNU ld. Don't know if a
# system like this even exists.
return "-R" + dir
在这个 code-piece 中，我用 "-rpath=" 替换了 "-R" 和最后的 stand-alone "-R" （上面代码的最后一行）甚至'-Wl,-rpath='。
完成后，code-piece 看起来像这样：
else:
if self._is_gcc(compiler):
# gcc on non-GNU systems does not need -Wl, but can
# use it anyway. Since distutils has always passed in
# -Wl whenever gcc was used in the past it is probably
# safest to keep doing so.
if sysconfig.get_config_var("GNULD") == "yes":
# GNU ld needs an extra option to get a RUNPATH
# instead of just an RPATH.
return "-Wl,--enable-new-dtags,-rpath=" + dir
else:
return "-Wl,-rpath=" + dir
else:
# No idea how --enable-new-dtags would be passed on to
# ld if this system was using GNU ld. Don't know if a
# system like this even exists.
return "-Wl,-rpath=" + dir
保存并关闭above-mentioned修改后python-scripts，cartopy的安装终于成功了：
andylu@andylu-ThinkPad-Edge-E130:~/Desktop/Python/Scripts$ pip install cartopy
Collecting cartopy
Using cached Cartopy-0.18.0.tar.gz (14.4 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.10 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.19.1)
Requirement already satisfied: shapely>=1.5.6 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyshp>=1.1.4 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (2.1.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.3.0 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (1.15.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=0.7.2 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from cartopy) (49.2.1)
Building wheels for collected packages: cartopy
Building wheel for cartopy (setup.py) ... done
Created wheel for cartopy: filename=Cartopy-0.18.0-cp38-cp38-linux_x86_64.whl size=15743039 sha256=b95932012d877432db8e629bdc77e730227f93f94515a54e59e4c6fb6a85bdad
Stored in directory: /home/andylu/.cache/pip/wheels/7c/3c/68/ed800c08e3e6579b632fdd26becee97c5c5474625f6c97eca6
Successfully built cartopy
Installing collected packages: cartopy
Successfully installed cartopy-0.18.0