after() 挂起输出 window
after() hangs the output window
我正在尝试构建一个实时项目，其中的状态每秒都会更新，因此部分代码会不断重复。当我想更改必须更新的信息时，我只需单击新按钮，这会给我第一个 window，我可以在其中更新新信息。但这样做会给我以下错误。如果我使用 after() 而不是线程，则不会出现错误，但输出 window 得到 hanged.Please 帮助我有解决这个问题的想法。谢谢。
Exception in thread Thread-2:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\threading.py", line 926, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\threading.py", line 1177, in run
self.function(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
File "C:/Users/Desktop/Tool/t.py", line 47, in ae
self.treeview.insert('', 'end',image=self._img, value=(a))
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\tkinter\ttk.py", line 1370, in insert
res = self.tk.call(self._w, "insert", parent, index, *opts)
_tkinter.TclError: invalid command name ".!treeview"
我遇到问题的代码：
def aaa(self):
num_threads = 5 * multiprocessing.cpu_count()
p = multiprocessing.dummy.Pool(num_threads)
p.map(self.ping_func, [x for x in Demo2.t1])
self.process_incoming()
#threading.Timer(1.0, self.aaa).start()-this gives the error while pressing new button and updating information
self.master.after(100, self.aaa) #it hangs the output window
示例代码：
import multiprocessing.dummy
import multiprocessing
import os
import socket
import sys
import subprocess
import re
import time
import threading
import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter import ttk
import queue
from tkinter import *
class Demo1: #window 1
data=[]
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.t=tkinter.Text(self.master,height=20,width=50)
self.t.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.button = tkinter.Button(self.master,height=3,width=10, text="OK", command = self.new_window)
self.button.grid(row=2,column=1)
def new_window(self):
self.inputValue=self.t.get("1.0",'end-1c')
Demo1.data=self.inputValue.split("\n")
self.master.destroy() # close the current window
self.master = tkinter.Tk() # create another Tk instance
self.app = Demo2(self.master) # create Demo2 window
self.master.mainloop()
class Demo2: #window 2
value = []
display = []
num=0
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.queue = queue.Queue()
Demo2.value = Demo1.data
self.button = tkinter.Button(self.master,height=2,width=11, text="new",command=self.new).place(x=0,y=0)
self.label = tkinter.Label(self.master, text="monitor", font=("Arial",20)).grid(row=0, columnspan=3)
cols = ('aa','bb')
self.treeview = ttk.Treeview(self.master, columns=cols)
for col in cols:
self.treeview.heading(col, text=col)
self.treeview.column(col,minwidth=0,width=170)
self.treeview.grid(row=1, column=0)
self._img=tkinter.PhotoImage(file="green1.gif")
self.aaa()
def aaa(self):
num_threads = 5 * multiprocessing.cpu_count()
p = multiprocessing.dummy.Pool(num_threads)
p.map(self.ping_func, [x for x in Demo2.value])
self.process_incoming()
#threading.Timer(1.0, self.aaa).start()
self.master.after(100, self.aaa)
def ping_func(self,ip): #Ping every ip and append the result
ping_result = []
pingCmd = "ping -n 1 -w 1000 " + ip
childStdout = os.popen(pingCmd)
result = (childStdout.readlines())
childStdout.close()
ping_result.append(ip)
if(any('Reply from' in i for i in result)):
ping_result.append("success")
else:
ping_result.append("failed")
self.queue.put(ping_result) #Thread value to queue
def process_incoming(self): #add the ping result to treeview
while self.queue.qsize():
try:
if Demo2.num<len(Demo1.data):
self._img=tkinter.PhotoImage(file="green1.gif")
self._img1=tkinter.PhotoImage(file="red.gif")
msg = self.queue.get_nowait()
Demo2.display.append(msg) #adding queue value to variable(display)
if(len(Demo2.display)==len(Demo1.data)):
self.treeview.insert("","end",values=(0,0,0,0,0))
self.treeview.delete(*self.treeview.get_children())
for i,(a,b) in enumerate(Demo2.display):
if(Demo2.display[i][1]=='success' ):
self.treeview.insert('', 'end',image=self._img, value=(a,b))
else:
self.treeview.insert('', 'end',image=self._img1, value=(a,b))
Demo2.num=Demo2.num+1
Demo2.display.clear()
else:
Demo2.display.clear()
Demo2.num=0
except queue.Empty: # Shouldn't happen.
pass
def periodic_call(self):
self.master.after(200, self.periodic_call) # checking its contents periodically
self.process_incoming()
if not self.running:
import sys
sys.exit(1)
def new(self):
self.master.destroy() # close the current window
self.master = tkinter.Tk() # create another Tk instance
self.app = Demo1(self.master) # create Demo2 window
self.master.mainloop()
def main():
root = tkinter.Tk()
app = Demo1(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
主要问题是 ping -w 1000 需要很多时间 运行 但 Pool.map() 等待所有结果。你甚至可以 运行 results = p.map(...) 没有 queue （但有 return result）但它也可以阻止 tkinter
您可以使用 map_async() 到 运行 它而无需等待结果。
我还使用 starmap（或者 starmap_async()）向每个进程发送两个参数 ip, queue。
我还进行了其他更改 - 即。重命名变量，将一些代码移动到 __init__ 以仅创建一次（图像、Pool、Queue）。我还将 IP 列表作为参数 Window2(master, data) 发送给其他 window 并返回 Window1(master, data) - 所以我可以编辑此列表。
BTW: 因为我在 Linux 上 运行 所以我更改了 ping 的参数并检查不同的文本以测试它是否得到答案。
import os
import multiprocessing.dummy
import queue
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
# --- classes ---
class Window1:
def __init__(self, master, data=None):
self.master = master
self.data = data
if self.data is None:
self.data = []
self.text = tk.Text(self.master, height=20, width=50)
self.text.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.button = tk.Button(self.master, height=3, width=10, text="OK", command=self.new_window)
self.button.grid(row=2, column=1)
# put self.data in Text
#for item in self.data:
# self.text.insert('end', item + '\n')
self.text.insert('end', '\n'.join(self.data))
def new_window(self):
text = self.text.get('1.0', 'end')
# remove empty lines
self.data = [item.strip() for item in text.split("\n") if item.strip()]
self.master.destroy()
root = tk.Tk()
Window2(root, self.data)
root.mainloop()
class Window2:
def __init__(self, master, data):
self.master = master
# keep list
self.data = data
# create dictionary for results
self.results = {ip: [ip, '???'] for ip in self.data}
self.button = tk.Button(self.master, height=2, width=11, text='New', command=self.new)
self.button.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='w')
self.label = tk.Label(self.master, text='monitor', font=("Arial", 20))
self.label.grid(row=0, column=1)
cols = ('IP','Result')
self.treeview = ttk.Treeview(self.master, columns=cols)
for col in cols:
self.treeview.heading(col, text=col)
self.treeview.column(col,minwidth=0,width=170)
self.treeview.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=3)
# create only once
self._image_green = None # tk.PhotoImage(file="green1.gif")
self._image_red = None # tk.PhotoImage(file="red.gif")
# to reduce number of processes for small `data`
n = min(5, len(self.data))
# create only once
self.queue = queue.Queue()
self.num_threads = n * multiprocessing.cpu_count()
self.p = multiprocessing.dummy.Pool(self.num_threads)
# to stop `after()`
self.running = True
# run first time
self.update_treeview() # to display it before running processes
self.run_processes()
self.processes_incoming() # first create window to display it faster
def run_processes(self):
if self.running:
self.p.starmap_async(self.ping, [(ip, self.queue) for ip in self.data])
self.after_ID2 = self.master.after(500, self.run_processes)
def ping(self, ip, queue):
#print('start ping:', ip)
#cmd = 'ping -n 1 -w 3 ' + ip
cmd = 'ping -w 1 ' + ip # Linux
child_stdout = os.popen(cmd)
result = child_stdout.readlines()
child_stdout.close()
#print('end ping:', ip)
#if any('Reply from' in line for line in result):
if any('bytes from' in line for line in result): # Linux
value = [ip, 'success']
else:
value = [ip, 'failed']
queue.put(value)
def update_treeview(self):
self.treeview.delete(*self.treeview.get_children())
for ip in self.data:
ip, value = self.results[ip]
if value == 'success':
image = self._image_green
elif value == 'failed':
image = self._image_red
else:
image = None
#self.treeview.insert('', 'end', image=image, value=(ip, valueb))
self.treeview.insert('', 'end', value=(ip, value))
def processes_incoming(self):
if self.running:
# get all from queue
new_values = False
while self.queue.qsize():
#while not self.queue.empty:
data = self.queue.get_nowait()
ip, value = data
self.results[ip] = data
new_values = True
# update only if new values
if new_values:
self.update_treeview()
# repeate after 100ms
self.after_ID1 = self.master.after(100, self.processes_incoming)
def new(self):
# to stop all `after()`
self.running = False
self.master.after_cancel(self.after_ID1)
self.master.after_cancel(self.after_ID2)
self.master.destroy()
root = tk.Tk()
Window1(root, self.data)
root.mainloop()
# --- functions ---
def main():
examples = [
'127.0.0.1', # localhost
'10.0.0.1', # IP in local network
'192.168.0.1', # IP in local network
'8.8.8.8', # Google DNS
'8.8.4.4', # Google DNS
]
root = tk.Tk()
Window1(root, examples)
root.mainloop()
# --- main ---
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
我正在尝试构建一个实时项目，其中的状态每秒都会更新，因此部分代码会不断重复。当我想更改必须更新的信息时，我只需单击新按钮，这会给我第一个 window，我可以在其中更新新信息。但这样做会给我以下错误。如果我使用 after() 而不是线程，则不会出现错误，但输出 window 得到 hanged.Please 帮助我有解决这个问题的想法。谢谢。
Exception in thread Thread-2:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\threading.py", line 926, in _bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\threading.py", line 1177, in run
self.function(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
File "C:/Users/Desktop/Tool/t.py", line 47, in ae
self.treeview.insert('', 'end',image=self._img, value=(a))
File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python37_64\lib\tkinter\ttk.py", line 1370, in insert
res = self.tk.call(self._w, "insert", parent, index, *opts)
_tkinter.TclError: invalid command name ".!treeview"
我遇到问题的代码：
def aaa(self):
num_threads = 5 * multiprocessing.cpu_count()
p = multiprocessing.dummy.Pool(num_threads)
p.map(self.ping_func, [x for x in Demo2.t1])
self.process_incoming()
#threading.Timer(1.0, self.aaa).start()-this gives the error while pressing new button and updating information
self.master.after(100, self.aaa) #it hangs the output window
示例代码：
import multiprocessing.dummy
import multiprocessing
import os
import socket
import sys
import subprocess
import re
import time
import threading
import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter import ttk
import queue
from tkinter import *
class Demo1: #window 1
data=[]
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.t=tkinter.Text(self.master,height=20,width=50)
self.t.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.button = tkinter.Button(self.master,height=3,width=10, text="OK", command = self.new_window)
self.button.grid(row=2,column=1)
def new_window(self):
self.inputValue=self.t.get("1.0",'end-1c')
Demo1.data=self.inputValue.split("\n")
self.master.destroy() # close the current window
self.master = tkinter.Tk() # create another Tk instance
self.app = Demo2(self.master) # create Demo2 window
self.master.mainloop()
class Demo2: #window 2
value = []
display = []
num=0
def __init__(self, master):
self.master = master
self.queue = queue.Queue()
Demo2.value = Demo1.data
self.button = tkinter.Button(self.master,height=2,width=11, text="new",command=self.new).place(x=0,y=0)
self.label = tkinter.Label(self.master, text="monitor", font=("Arial",20)).grid(row=0, columnspan=3)
cols = ('aa','bb')
self.treeview = ttk.Treeview(self.master, columns=cols)
for col in cols:
self.treeview.heading(col, text=col)
self.treeview.column(col,minwidth=0,width=170)
self.treeview.grid(row=1, column=0)
self._img=tkinter.PhotoImage(file="green1.gif")
self.aaa()
def aaa(self):
num_threads = 5 * multiprocessing.cpu_count()
p = multiprocessing.dummy.Pool(num_threads)
p.map(self.ping_func, [x for x in Demo2.value])
self.process_incoming()
#threading.Timer(1.0, self.aaa).start()
self.master.after(100, self.aaa)
def ping_func(self,ip): #Ping every ip and append the result
ping_result = []
pingCmd = "ping -n 1 -w 1000 " + ip
childStdout = os.popen(pingCmd)
result = (childStdout.readlines())
childStdout.close()
ping_result.append(ip)
if(any('Reply from' in i for i in result)):
ping_result.append("success")
else:
ping_result.append("failed")
self.queue.put(ping_result) #Thread value to queue
def process_incoming(self): #add the ping result to treeview
while self.queue.qsize():
try:
if Demo2.num<len(Demo1.data):
self._img=tkinter.PhotoImage(file="green1.gif")
self._img1=tkinter.PhotoImage(file="red.gif")
msg = self.queue.get_nowait()
Demo2.display.append(msg) #adding queue value to variable(display)
if(len(Demo2.display)==len(Demo1.data)):
self.treeview.insert("","end",values=(0,0,0,0,0))
self.treeview.delete(*self.treeview.get_children())
for i,(a,b) in enumerate(Demo2.display):
if(Demo2.display[i][1]=='success' ):
self.treeview.insert('', 'end',image=self._img, value=(a,b))
else:
self.treeview.insert('', 'end',image=self._img1, value=(a,b))
Demo2.num=Demo2.num+1
Demo2.display.clear()
else:
Demo2.display.clear()
Demo2.num=0
except queue.Empty: # Shouldn't happen.
pass
def periodic_call(self):
self.master.after(200, self.periodic_call) # checking its contents periodically
self.process_incoming()
if not self.running:
import sys
sys.exit(1)
def new(self):
self.master.destroy() # close the current window
self.master = tkinter.Tk() # create another Tk instance
self.app = Demo1(self.master) # create Demo2 window
self.master.mainloop()
def main():
root = tkinter.Tk()
app = Demo1(root)
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
主要问题是 ping -w 1000 需要很多时间 运行 但 Pool.map() 等待所有结果。你甚至可以 运行 results = p.map(...) 没有 queue （但有 return result）但它也可以阻止 tkinter
您可以使用 map_async() 到 运行 它而无需等待结果。
我还使用 starmap（或者 starmap_async()）向每个进程发送两个参数 ip, queue。
我还进行了其他更改 - 即。重命名变量，将一些代码移动到 __init__ 以仅创建一次（图像、Pool、Queue）。我还将 IP 列表作为参数 Window2(master, data) 发送给其他 window 并返回 Window1(master, data) - 所以我可以编辑此列表。
BTW: 因为我在 Linux 上 运行 所以我更改了 ping 的参数并检查不同的文本以测试它是否得到答案。
import os
import multiprocessing.dummy
import queue
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
# --- classes ---
class Window1:
def __init__(self, master, data=None):
self.master = master
self.data = data
if self.data is None:
self.data = []
self.text = tk.Text(self.master, height=20, width=50)
self.text.grid(row=1, column=1)
self.button = tk.Button(self.master, height=3, width=10, text="OK", command=self.new_window)
self.button.grid(row=2, column=1)
# put self.data in Text
#for item in self.data:
# self.text.insert('end', item + '\n')
self.text.insert('end', '\n'.join(self.data))
def new_window(self):
text = self.text.get('1.0', 'end')
# remove empty lines
self.data = [item.strip() for item in text.split("\n") if item.strip()]
self.master.destroy()
root = tk.Tk()
Window2(root, self.data)
root.mainloop()
class Window2:
def __init__(self, master, data):
self.master = master
# keep list
self.data = data
# create dictionary for results
self.results = {ip: [ip, '???'] for ip in self.data}
self.button = tk.Button(self.master, height=2, width=11, text='New', command=self.new)
self.button.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky='w')
self.label = tk.Label(self.master, text='monitor', font=("Arial", 20))
self.label.grid(row=0, column=1)
cols = ('IP','Result')
self.treeview = ttk.Treeview(self.master, columns=cols)
for col in cols:
self.treeview.heading(col, text=col)
self.treeview.column(col,minwidth=0,width=170)
self.treeview.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=3)
# create only once
self._image_green = None # tk.PhotoImage(file="green1.gif")
self._image_red = None # tk.PhotoImage(file="red.gif")
# to reduce number of processes for small `data`
n = min(5, len(self.data))
# create only once
self.queue = queue.Queue()
self.num_threads = n * multiprocessing.cpu_count()
self.p = multiprocessing.dummy.Pool(self.num_threads)
# to stop `after()`
self.running = True
# run first time
self.update_treeview() # to display it before running processes
self.run_processes()
self.processes_incoming() # first create window to display it faster
def run_processes(self):
if self.running:
self.p.starmap_async(self.ping, [(ip, self.queue) for ip in self.data])
self.after_ID2 = self.master.after(500, self.run_processes)
def ping(self, ip, queue):
#print('start ping:', ip)
#cmd = 'ping -n 1 -w 3 ' + ip
cmd = 'ping -w 1 ' + ip # Linux
child_stdout = os.popen(cmd)
result = child_stdout.readlines()
child_stdout.close()
#print('end ping:', ip)
#if any('Reply from' in line for line in result):
if any('bytes from' in line for line in result): # Linux
value = [ip, 'success']
else:
value = [ip, 'failed']
queue.put(value)
def update_treeview(self):
self.treeview.delete(*self.treeview.get_children())
for ip in self.data:
ip, value = self.results[ip]
if value == 'success':
image = self._image_green
elif value == 'failed':
image = self._image_red
else:
image = None
#self.treeview.insert('', 'end', image=image, value=(ip, valueb))
self.treeview.insert('', 'end', value=(ip, value))
def processes_incoming(self):
if self.running:
# get all from queue
new_values = False
while self.queue.qsize():
#while not self.queue.empty:
data = self.queue.get_nowait()
ip, value = data
self.results[ip] = data
new_values = True
# update only if new values
if new_values:
self.update_treeview()
# repeate after 100ms
self.after_ID1 = self.master.after(100, self.processes_incoming)
def new(self):
# to stop all `after()`
self.running = False
self.master.after_cancel(self.after_ID1)
self.master.after_cancel(self.after_ID2)
self.master.destroy()
root = tk.Tk()
Window1(root, self.data)
root.mainloop()
# --- functions ---
def main():
examples = [
'127.0.0.1', # localhost
'10.0.0.1', # IP in local network
'192.168.0.1', # IP in local network
'8.8.8.8', # Google DNS
'8.8.4.4', # Google DNS
]
root = tk.Tk()
Window1(root, examples)
root.mainloop()
# --- main ---
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()