Spring 测试想要连接到数据库

Question

我正在尝试为我的应用程序编写一些测试并遇到以下问题：我定义了一个应用程序-test.yml，内容如下：

server:
  port: 8085

spring:
    security:
        oauth2:
            resourceserver:
                jwt:
                    # change localhost:8081 with container name
                    issuer-uri: http://localhost:8081/auth/realms/drivingschool
                    jwk-set-uri: http://localhost:8081/auth/realms/drivingschool/protocol/openid-connect/certs

keycloak:
    realm: drivingschool
    auth-server-url: http://localhost:8081/auth
    ssl-required: external
    resource: client-interface
    use-resource-role-mappings: true
    credentials:
        secret: xxx
    bearer-only: true

我的测试class:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class StudentControllerTests {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private StudentService service;

    @MockBean
    private StudentRepository repository;

    @Test
    public void contextLoads(){}
//more tests
}

测试全部通过绿色但在我可以看到的日志中，我的应用程序尝试连接到我的（基本）application.yml.

中配置的数据库

ava.sql.SQLNonTransientConnectionException: Could not connect to address=(host=localhost)(port=9005)(type=master) : Socket fail to connect to host:localhost, port:9005. Verbindungsaufbau abgelehnt (Connection refused)
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.createException(ExceptionFactory.java:73) ~[mariadb-java-client-2.6.1.jar:na]
    at org.mariadb.jdbc.internal.util.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.create(ExceptionFactory.java:192) ~[mariadb-java-client-2.6.1.jar:na]

jpa:
      database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MariaDBDialect
      hibernate:
        use-new-id-generator-mappings: false
        ddl-auto: create

    datasource:
      url: jdbc:mariadb://localhost:9005/waterloo
      username: waterloo
      password: xxx
      driver-class-name: org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver

在创建应用程序-prod.yml 并将所有内容从 application.yml 移动到应用程序-prod.yml 时，它告诉我必须配置数据源 URL

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaConfiguration': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/jdbc/DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.class]: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource]: Factory method 'dataSource' threw exception; nested exception is org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceProperties$DataSourceBeanCreationException: Failed to determine a suitable driver class

我有以下问题：

application.yml 文件是否分层（*-test.yml 设置在 application.yml 之上）？
为什么当我没有在我的应用程序上设置数据源时 Spring 尝试建立到我的数据库的连接-test.yml 并且在测试中模拟存储库？
Spring在这部分尝试建立连接正常吗？ 3.1) 如果不是：我如何防止它这样做？

谢谢和亲切的问候！

Answer 1

Failed to determine a suitable driver class

您需要将 mariadb 驱动程序依赖项添加到您的 gradle 或 maven 文件中。

https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mariadb.jdbc/mariadb-java-client/2.6.2

确保依赖范围适合测试

如果您已经拥有但仍然无法正常工作，请尝试清理并重建您的项目。

您的问题：

Do the application.yml files get layered (*-test.yml settings on top of application.yml)?

如果您将 @ActiveProfiles("test") 添加到您的 TestClass Spring 将尝试查找 application-test.yml 并使用给定的属性

覆盖 application.yml 属性

Why does Spring try to build a connection to my database when I am not setting a datasource on my application-test.yml AND mocking the repository on the test?

这就是 spring 引导的魔力 - 它具有所有内容的默认配置。您只需设置 Datasource 属性，它就会自行创建 bean。

Is it normal that Spring trys to establish a connection at this part? 3.1) If not: How to i prevent it from doing so?

您正在使用 @SpringBootTest 注释启动整个 spring 上下文。因此它将启动所有存储库并尝试与您的数据库建立连接。如果你不想 spring 启动数据库层，你可以使用 @WebMvcTest

例如：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest
@ActiveProfiles("test")
public class StudentControllerTests {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Test
    public void contextLoads(){}

    //more tests
}

看看这个：https://spring.io/guides/gs/testing-web/

如果您需要启动整个 SpringContext，您还可以禁用 Spring 数据自动配置：

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {
    DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, 
    DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration.class, 
    HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class
})

看看这个：https://www.baeldung.com/spring-data-disable-auto-config

Answer 2

缺少以下注释：

@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class, DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration.class})

Spring 测试想要连接到数据库

Spring Test Wants To Connect to Database

spring

unit-testing

jpa

spring-boot

mockmvc