Python program sometimes exit with "IndexError: string index out of range" and sometimes runs fine

Question

我正在学习 Python 并决定升级一个版本的 hangman 游戏，该游戏在我观看的其中一门课程中用作示例，代码结果如下：

import random
word_dictionary = {
    1:  "mouse",
    2:  "house",
    3:  "show",
    4:  "see",
    5:  "leave",
    6:  "shower",
    7:  "showcase",
    8: "coding",
    9:  "elephant",
    10:  "apartment",
}

random_number = random.randint(1, 10)
random_word = word_dictionary[random_number]

secret_word = random_word
word_len = len(secret_word)
guess = None
tip = 0
tip_num = None
tip_previous = None
tip_position = None
tip_model_formula = "_"*word_len
tip_model_list = list(tip_model_formula)
send_tip = None

print("Word has", word_len, " letters")
while guess != secret_word:
    guess = input("Enter your guess: ")
    if guess != secret_word:
        print("Wrong answer! Try again!")
        tip += 1
        if tip == 5:
            tip_num = random.randint(0, word_len)
            tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]
            tip_model_list[tip_num] = tip_position
            send_tip = "".join(tip_model_list)
            tip_previous = tip_num
            print("here's a tip:\n" + send_tip)
        if tip == 10:
            tip_num = random.randint(0, word_len)
            while tip_num == tip_previous:
                tip_num = random.randint(0, word_len)
            tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]
            tip_model_list[tip_num] = tip_position
            send_tip = "".join(tip_model_list)
            tip_previous = tip_num
            print("here's a tip:\n" + send_tip)
        if tip == 15:
            tip_num = random.randint(0, word_len)
            while tip_num == tip_previous:
                tip_num = random.randint(0, word_len)
            tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]
            tip_model_list[tip_num] = tip_position
            send_tip = "".join(tip_model_list)
            tip_previous = tip_num
            print("here's a tip:\n" + send_tip)
        if tip == 16:
            print("You lost!")
            exit()

print("You win!")

(这样做是从字典中随机选择一个单词作为秘密单词，让玩家对其进行猜测，每尝试 5 次，玩家获得 1 个提示，即单词的一个字母，之后16次尝试，你输了，必须重新开始）。

当我运行它时，有时它会按预期运行运行，但有时它会退出并出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\Program Files\PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2\plugins\python-ce\helpers\pydev\pydevd.py", line 1448, in _exec
    pydev_imports.execfile(file, globals, locals)  # execute the script
  File "E:\Program Files\PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2\plugins\python-ce\helpers\pydev\_pydev_imps\_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
    exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc)
  File "C:/Users/rafae/PycharmProjects/Beginning/Beg.py", line 55, in <module>
    tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]
IndexError: string index out of range

我不知道为什么会随机发生这种情况，并且一直试图找出一个小时但没有成功。提前感谢您的帮助。

Answer 1

您的错误在这里：

            tip_num = random.randint(0, word_len)
            tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]

randint return第一个和第二个参数之间的数字包括两个。这意味着它可以 return word_len 的结果，这是 secret_word.

结束后的结果

Python program sometimes exit with "IndexError: string index out of range" and sometimes runs fine

Python program sometimes exit with "IndexError: string index out of range" and sometimes runs fine

python

index-error