Python - 如何将文本块的每前 3 行变成字典值?

Python - How to make every first 3 lines of text blocks into dictionary values?


我在读 Python 本科生 class,我正在处理一个文本文件。
其内容示例如下所示:

Special Type A Sunflower 
2017-10-19 18:20:30
Asteraceae
Brought to the USA by Europeans
Ingredient for Sunflower Oil
Needs full sun
Moist Soil, with heavy mulch
Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry

Tropical Sealion
2020-04-25 12:10:05
Pinnipeds 
Mostly found in zoos
Likes Fish
Likes Balls
Likes Zookeepers

Honey Badger
2018-06-06 16:15:25
Mustelidae
Eats anything

目前,我正在尝试通过仅创建 3 个键将这些行转换为字典的值。

第一个键是“姓名”,对应的值是每个文本块的每个第一行。
第二个键是“日期”,对应的值是每个文本的第二行堵塞。
第三个键是“信息”,对应的值是每个文本块的每三行及之后,停在文本块之间的 space 处。我相信这也应该是一个值列表。

我的进度在这里:

import itertools
import os

MyFilePath = os.getcwd() # absolute directory the file is in
ActualFile = "myplants.txt"
FinalFilePath = os.path.join(MyFilePath, ActualFile)

def TextFileToDictionary():

    dictionary_1 = {}

    textfile = open(FinalFilePath, 'r')
    first_line = textfile.readline()
    second_line = textfile.readline()
    third_line = textfile.readline()
    for line in textfile:
        dictionary_1["name"] = first_line
        dictionary_1["date"] = second_line
        dictionary_1["information"] = third_line
    print(dictionary_1)
    textfile.close()

TextFileToDictionary()

虽然我已经将这些行解析为字典中的值,
我无法在每个文本块上迭代它们以确保所有文本块都成为字典值。
我也无法将每三行及以后的行转换为值列表。

请注意文本块的长度不均匀。

所以最终结果应该类似于:

dictionary_1 = {'Name' : "Special Type A Sunflower", 'Date' : "2017-10-19 18:20:30", 'Information' : ["Asteraceae, Brought to the USA by Europeans, Ingredient for Sunflower Oil, Needs full sun, Moist Soil, with heavy mulch, Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry"]}

dictionary_2 = {'Name' : "Tropical Sealion", "Date" : "2020-04-25 12:10:05", "Information" : ["Pinnipeds, Mostly found in zoos, Likes Fish, Likes Balls, Likes Zookeepers"]}

以此类推

有谁知道如何更改代码以类似于所需的最终结果?
非常感谢!

我对TextFileToDictionary()函数的解决方案如下:

data = [] #Blank list
with open(FinalFilePath, "r") as file:  #Open file
  sections = file.read().split("\n\n")  #Split it by double linebreaks
  for section in sections:              #Iterate through sections
    lines = section.split("\n")         #Split sections by linebreaks
    if len(lines) < 3:                  #Make sure that there is the correct amount of lines
      return "ERROR!"
    data.append({                       #Add a dictionary to the data with:
      "Name": lines[0],                 #First line: name
      "Date": lines[1],                 #Second line: date
      "Information": lines[2:]          #Third line and onwards: info
    })
return data                             #Returns a list of dictionaries containing the data about each species

如果您运行示例文件中的函数,它应该return如下:

[
  {
    "Name": "Special Type A Sunflower",
    "Date": "2017-10-19 18:20:30",
    "Information": ["Asteraceae", "Brought to the USA by Europeans" etc... ]
  },
  {
    "Name": "Tropical Sealion",
    "Date": "2020-04-25 12:10:05",
    "Information": ["Pinnipeds", "Mostly found in zoos" etc... ]
  } #and so on.
]

更简单的版本:

def dicter(file):
    with open(file, 'r') as f:
        dics = []
        blocks = [x. split('\n') for x in f.read().split('\n\n')]
        for block in blocks:
            dics.append(dict(Name=block[0], Date=block[1], Information=block[2:]))
        return dics

print(dicter('your/path/to/file'))

我会使用 regexsplitdestructuring assignment

我建议您通过 with 语句读取文件,这样您就不必明确关闭文件。

with open('myplants.txt') as file:
    text = file.read()

假设您已经阅读了您的文件并且 text 是内容。

import re

text = """
Special Type A Sunflower 
2017-10-19 18:20:30
Asteraceae
Brought to the USA by Europeans
Ingredient for Sunflower Oil
Needs full sun
Moist Soil, with heavy mulch
Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry

Tropical Sealion
2020-04-25 12:10:05
Pinnipeds 
Mostly found in zoos
Likes Fish
Likes Balls
Likes Zookeepers

Honey Badger
2018-06-06 16:15:25
Mustelidae
Eats anything
"""

regex = re.compile('(?:[^\n]+\n)+', re.MULTILINE)

def parse(section):
  name, date_value, *information = section.strip().split('\n')
  return {
    'Name': name,
    'Date': date_value,
    'Information': information
  }

sections = [section for section in regex.findall(text)]
parsed_sections = [parse(section) for section in sections]

for parsed in parsed_sections:
  print(parsed)
  print()

输出

{'Name': 'Special Type A Sunflower ', 'Date': '2017-10-19 18:20:30', 'Information': ['Asteraceae', 'Brought to the USA by Europeans', 'Ingredient for Sunflower Oil', 'Needs full sun', 'Moist Soil, with heavy mulch', 'Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry']}

{'Name': 'Tropical Sealion', 'Date': '2020-04-25 12:10:05', 'Information': ['Pinnipeds ', 'Mostly found in zoos', 'Likes Fish', 'Likes Balls', 'Likes Zookeepers']}

{'Name': 'Honey Badger', 'Date': '2018-06-06 16:15:25', 'Information': ['Mustelidae', 'Eats anything']}