下载 youtube 视频时使用 ffmpeg "Manifest too large"

ffmpeg "Manifest too large" when downloading youtube video

TL;DR

我正在尝试以编程方式下载 YouTube 视频的一部分。广为人知的程序对某些视频不起作用,我想克服这种情况。


上下文

我正在尝试以编程方式下载 YouTube 视频的一部分。如How to download portion of video with youtube-dl command?中所述,您可以通过以下命令实现。

#Converts a human-readable URL to longer URLs for internal use.
~ $ youtube-dl --get-url 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POrfo478HRI'
https://r1---sn-3pm76n76.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?expire=1597593009&ei=UQE5X7bXEYqO4QLs17KACQ&ip=10.100.238.99&id=o-AD0HfadoeimIbuf9t8Anru5X9V7cER08YyOz4iKZOCHL&itag=299&aitags=133%2C134%2C135%2C136%2C137%2C160%2C242%2C243%2C244%2C247%2C248%2C278%2C298%2C299%2C302%2C303&source=youtube&requiressl=yes&mh=NV&mm=31%2C26&mn=sn-3pm76n76%2Csn-oguesnze&ms=au%2Conr&mv=m&mvi=1&pl=17&initcwndbps=908750&vprv=1&mime=video%2Fmp4&gir=yes&clen=9205054989&dur=17931.000&lmt=1597347724488304&mt=1597571322&fvip=1&keepalive=yes&fexp=23883098&c=WEB&txp=7316222&sparams=expire%2Cei%2Cip%2Cid%2Caitags%2Csource%2Crequiressl%2Cvprv%2Cmime%2Cgir%2Cclen%2Cdur%2Clmt&sig=AOq0QJ8wRQIgYDqTm0CnLfG0kxsYNrAdtAUYB7alnowiaBArU8R5bBwCIQDeCRDJHFO_PWcnbeFaJvip80deuboN4Pi1x3eRhJBxlQ%3D%3D&lsparams=mh%2Cmm%2Cmn%2Cms%2Cmv%2Cmvi%2Cpl%2Cinitcwndbps&lsig=AG3C_xAwRgIhAKTkyTIGVkbWWVx4lqFz77rOdG1FzkM5XuTnYOqtHT4oAiEA9u1R47jPz-mjj4DRXpqqqpUbfaFMW36KbG_pR2jovFM%3D&ratebypass=yes
https://r1---sn-3pm76n76.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?expire=1597593009&ei=UQE5X7bXEYqO4QLs17KACQ&ip=10.100.238.99&id=o-AD0HfadoeimIbuf9t8Anru5X9V7cER08YyOz4iKZOCHL&itag=251&source=youtube&requiressl=yes&mh=NV&mm=31%2C26&mn=sn-3pm76n76%2Csn-oguesnze&ms=au%2Conr&mv=m&mvi=1&pl=17&initcwndbps=908750&vprv=1&mime=audio%2Fwebm&gir=yes&clen=268945126&dur=17931.001&lmt=1597348111385641&mt=1597571322&fvip=1&keepalive=yes&fexp=23883098&c=WEB&txp=7311222&sparams=expire%2Cei%2Cip%2Cid%2Citag%2Csource%2Crequiressl%2Cvprv%2Cmime%2Cgir%2Cclen%2Cdur%2Clmt&sig=AOq0QJ8wRgIhAK8XGu3vHucHwqERZ7TQniuvKEd-NTbMkwZbu8EXJ5E3AiEAiS7OYFOcsIrD2xp-AJNzucj1H9ZKMlmkCl_sU7__dZo%3D&lsparams=mh%2Cmm%2Cmn%2Cms%2Cmv%2Cmvi%2Cpl%2Cinitcwndbps&lsig=AG3C_xAwRgIhAKTkyTIGVkbWWVx4lqFz77rOdG1FzkM5XuTnYOqtHT4oAiEA9u1R47jPz-mjj4DRXpqqqpUbfaFMW36KbG_pR2jovFM%3D&ratebypass=yes

#Stores the result to a variable.
~ $ url_video_part='https://r1---sn-3pm76n76.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?expire=1597593009&ei=UQE5X7bXEYqO4QLs17KACQ&ip=10.100.238.99&id=o-AD0HfadoeimIbuf9t8Anru5X9V7cER08YyOz4iKZOCHL&itag=299&aitags=133%2C134%2C135%2C136%2C137%2C160%2C242%2C243%2C244%2C247%2C248%2C278%2C298%2C299%2C302%2C303&source=youtube&requiressl=yes&mh=NV&mm=31%2C26&mn=sn-3pm76n76%2Csn-oguesnze&ms=au%2Conr&mv=m&mvi=1&pl=17&initcwndbps=908750&vprv=1&mime=video%2Fmp4&gir=yes&clen=9205054989&dur=17931.000&lmt=1597347724488304&mt=1597571322&fvip=1&keepalive=yes&fexp=23883098&c=WEB&txp=7316222&sparams=expire%2Cei%2Cip%2Cid%2Caitags%2Csource%2Crequiressl%2Cvprv%2Cmime%2Cgir%2Cclen%2Cdur%2Clmt&sig=AOq0QJ8wRQIgYDqTm0CnLfG0kxsYNrAdtAUYB7alnowiaBArU8R5bBwCIQDeCRDJHFO_PWcnbeFaJvip80deuboN4Pi1x3eRhJBxlQ%3D%3D&lsparams=mh%2Cmm%2Cmn%2Cms%2Cmv%2Cmvi%2Cpl%2Cinitcwndbps&lsig=AG3C_xAwRgIhAKTkyTIGVkbWWVx4lqFz77rOdG1FzkM5XuTnYOqtHT4oAiEA9u1R47jPz-mjj4DRXpqqqpUbfaFMW36KbG_pR2jovFM%3D&ratebypass=yes'

#Stores the result to a variable.
~ $ url_audio_part='https://r1---sn-3pm76n76.googlevideo.com/videoplayback?expire=1597593009&ei=UQE5X7bXEYqO4QLs17KACQ&ip=10.100.238.99&id=o-AD0HfadoeimIbuf9t8Anru5X9V7cER08YyOz4iKZOCHL&itag=251&source=youtube&requiressl=yes&mh=NV&mm=31%2C26&mn=sn-3pm76n76%2Csn-oguesnze&ms=au%2Conr&mv=m&mvi=1&pl=17&initcwndbps=908750&vprv=1&mime=audio%2Fwebm&gir=yes&clen=268945126&dur=17931.001&lmt=1597348111385641&mt=1597571322&fvip=1&keepalive=yes&fexp=23883098&c=WEB&txp=7311222&sparams=expire%2Cei%2Cip%2Cid%2Citag%2Csource%2Crequiressl%2Cvprv%2Cmime%2Cgir%2Cclen%2Cdur%2Clmt&sig=AOq0QJ8wRgIhAK8XGu3vHucHwqERZ7TQniuvKEd-NTbMkwZbu8EXJ5E3AiEAiS7OYFOcsIrD2xp-AJNzucj1H9ZKMlmkCl_sU7__dZo%3D&lsparams=mh%2Cmm%2Cmn%2Cms%2Cmv%2Cmvi%2Cpl%2Cinitcwndbps&lsig=AG3C_xAwRgIhAKTkyTIGVkbWWVx4lqFz77rOdG1FzkM5XuTnYOqtHT4oAiEA9u1R47jPz-mjj4DRXpqqqpUbfaFMW36KbG_pR2jovFM%3D&ratebypass=yes'

#Downloads the video for one minute from 12:45.
~ $ ffmpeg    -ss 12:45 -i "${url_video_part}"    -ss 12:45 -i "${url_audio_part}"    -t 1:00 output.mkv
frame= 3600 fps= 49 q=-1.0 Lsize=   27047kB time=00:00:59.99 bitrate=3692.9kbits/s speed=0.813x

这确实工作得很好。


问题

对于某些视频†1,内部 URL 的格式为 https://manifest.googlevideo.com/... 而不是上例中的 https://RANDOM-STRING.googlevideo.com/...

~ $ youtube-dl --get-url 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRMfnvLODZQ'
https://manifest.googlevideo.com/api/manifest/dash/expire/1597593866/ei/qgQ5X5maN8-ilQSu15W4CQ/ip/10.100.238.99/id/KRMfnvLODZQ.1/source/yt_live_broadcast/requiressl/yes/hfr/all/as/fmp4_audio_clear%2Cwebm_audio_clear%2Cwebm2_audio_clear%2Cfmp4_sd_hd_clear%2Cwebm2_sd_hd_clear/force_finished/1/vprv/1/keepalive/yes/fexp/23883098/itag/0/playlist_type/DVR/sparams/expire%2Cei%2Cip%2Cid%2Csource%2Crequiressl%2Chfr%2Cas%2Cforce_finished%2Cvprv%2Citag%2Cplaylist_type/sig/AOq0QJ8wRQIhANYKQvKTN8BRmhp7--4tQp9aqRp_qIGjh472BTYLyJ62AiAautFF86xGDHOe7mYlYaZ1W86EM4k2e6UiJS9Q91dMog%3D%3D
https://manifest.googlevideo.com/api/manifest/dash/expire/1597593866/ei/qgQ5X5maN8-ilQSu15W4CQ/ip/10.100.238.99/id/KRMfnvLODZQ.1/source/yt_live_broadcast/requiressl/yes/hfr/all/as/fmp4_audio_clear%2Cwebm_audio_clear%2Cwebm2_audio_clear%2Cfmp4_sd_hd_clear%2Cwebm2_sd_hd_clear/force_finished/1/vprv/1/keepalive/yes/fexp/23883098/itag/0/playlist_type/DVR/sparams/expire%2Cei%2Cip%2Cid%2Csource%2Crequiressl%2Chfr%2Cas%2Cforce_finished%2Cvprv%2Citag%2Cplaylist_type/sig/AOq0QJ8wRQIhANYKQvKTN8BRmhp7--4tQp9aqRp_qIGjh472BTYLyJ62AiAautFF86xGDHOe7mYlYaZ1W86EM4k2e6UiJS9Q91dMog%3D%3D

并且下载此类视频总是失败。

~ $ ffmpeg    -ss 12:45 -i "${url_video_part}"    -ss 12:45 -i "${url_audio_part}"    -t 1:00 output.mkv
[dash @ 0x55fa6a1a4400] Manifest too large: 3776722
https://manifest.googlevideo.com/...: Invalid data found when processing input

请注意,仅使用 youtube-dl 即可成功下载完整的此类视频。

†1:据我们测试,最近(例如昨天)上传的视频有这样的 URL,当我们在大约一天后重试相同的 youtube-dl --get-url 命令时,我们得到“无辜的”网址,如第一个示例。


问题

如何下载此类视频的部分内容

我目前的解决方法是等待一两天,直到内部 URL 更改,这比下载完整视频然后裁剪要慢得多。


环境

~ $ lsb_release -d
Description:    Arch Linux

~ $ ffmpeg -version
ffmpeg version n4.3.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 10.1.0 (GCC)
configuration: --prefix=/usr --disable-debug --disable-static --disable-stripping --enable-avisynth --enable-fontconfig --enable-gmp --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdrm --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgsm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-libjack --enable-libmfx --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore_amrnb --enable-libopencore_amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librav1e --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxcb --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-omx --enable-shared --enable-version3
libavutil      56. 51.100 / 56. 51.100
libavcodec     58. 91.100 / 58. 91.100
libavformat    58. 45.100 / 58. 45.100
libavdevice    58. 10.100 / 58. 10.100
libavfilter     7. 85.100 /  7. 85.100
libswscale      5.  7.100 /  5.  7.100
libswresample   3.  7.100 /  3.  7.100
libpostproc    55.  7.100 / 55.  7.100

~ $ youtube-dl --version
2020.07.28

有两种解决方法。


1。等一两天吧。

如 OP 中所述,您只需等待几天即可将内部 URL 更改为 †1https://manifest.googlevideo.com/api/manifest/dash/...https://r1---sn-3pm76n76.googlevideo.com/....

据我测试,长时间(7-10 小时)的视频至少需要一整天。


2。使用 HLS 而不是 DASH。

2.1 解决方法

通过以下步骤,您可以立即下载视频。

  1. url='https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkP-hgGJdvY'

(我选择这个 URL 作为例子是因为 youtube-dl --get-url "${url}" returns https://manifest.googlevideo.com/api/... 在写这个答案的时候。)

  1. curl "${url}"

  2. curl 的输出中提取 URL internal_url 形式的 https://manifest.googlevideo.com/api/manifest/hls_variant/...。请注意,此 URL 包含 /hls_variant/ 而不是 /dash/

  3. ffmpeg -i "${internal_url}" 有或没有下载视频的任意选项。

第2步和第3步的一个衬里:

curl --silent "${url}" | grep -o 'https:\/\/[^"]\+googlevideo.com\/[^"]\+' | grep 'hls_variant' | sed 's/\//g'

2.2 已知问题

即使通过上述方法,对于最近(例如几小时或一天前)live-streamed 完成的长时间(2 小时以上)实时存档, 仅刚好过去 2 小时整个视频可以下载†2 即使您可以在浏览器或官方应用程序上播放视频也没有问题。此问题并非特定于 ffmpeg,实际上 youtube-dl 的 GitHub 存储库有一个相关问题:Youtube: Only downloading last 2 hours of 3 hour video. (with hack as a workaround) #26330。 (顺便说一句,问题的OP包括这个问题的解决方法,我没有测试,所以我不写在这里。)


3 结论

考虑到†1和†2,问题似乎是目标视频的YouTube server-side进程还没有完全结束时出现的。虽然我完全不知道该怎么做,但可能应该有一些优雅的方法来克服 only-last-two-hour 问题。

我能够跳过清单文件并使用 youtube-dl --youtube-skip-dash-manifest 获得最终的 URL。

为了跟进这个问题,我 运行 进入了这个问题,一些挖掘发现 ffmpeg merged a patch to fix this 早在九月份。虽然截至 2021 年 2 月 6 日尚未发布,但它应该在 4.3.1(可能是 4.3.2 或 4.4)之后的任何版本中。

有用的是,它还解释了问题是如何产生的——用于未知情况的“软限制”被重新解释为硬限制,而 9 月的补丁通过完全删除限制修复了误解。