415 异常 Cherrypy 网络服务

415 exception Cherrypy webservice

我正在尝试构建一个 Cherrypy/Python 网络服务。我已经花了一整天的时间来研究如何使跨域 ajax 请求成为可能。这终于奏效了,但现在我有下一个问题。我想我已经知道解决方案,但我不知道如何实施。问题是当我发送 ajax 请求时,Cherrypy 服务器响应:

415 Unsupported Media Type

Expected an entity of content type application/json, text/javascript

Traceback (most recent call last):  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cherrypy/_cprequest.py", line 663, in respond    self.body.process()  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpreqbody.py", line 996, in process    super(RequestBody, self).process()  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpreqbody.py", line 538, in process    self.default_proc()  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/cherrypy/_cperror.py", line 411, in __call__    raise selfHTTPError: (415, u'Expected an entity of content type application/json, text/javascript')    

我找到并尝试测试的解决方案是将此行添加到配置中:

'tools.json_in.force': False

所以我尝试用这段代码实现它:

import cherrypy
import json
import sys

class RelatedDocuments:

def index(self):
    return "Hello World!"

@cherrypy.tools.json_out()
@cherrypy.tools.json_in()
def findRelated(self, **raw):
    #Get JSON message form request
    request = cherrypy.request.json
    result = []

    #SOME CODE...

    return result;

# Expose the index method through the web. CherryPy will never
# publish methods that don't have the exposed attribute set to True.
index.exposed = True
findRelated.exposed = True

def CORS():
    cherrypy.response.headers["Access-Control-Allow-Origin"] = "*"

import os.path
tutconf = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'webserver.conf')
config = {
    'global': {
        'server.socket_host':'127.0.0.1',
        'server.socket_port': 8080,
        'log.error_file' : 'Web.log',
        'log.access_file' : 'Access.log'
    },
    '/': {
        'tools.CORS.on': True
    }
}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    cherrypy.tools.CORS = cherrypy.Tool('before_finalize', CORS)

    cherrypy.quickstart(RelatedDocuments(),config=config)

我在 tools.CORS.on 行下添加了配置行,但这没有用。接下来我尝试了这个:

cherrypy.config.update({
    'tools.json_in.force': False,
});

没有成功..接下来我尝试在 findRelated 方法之上实现它:

@cherrypy.config(**{'tools.json_in.force': False})

所有的实现都给我一个 500 错误,如果有人能帮助我,我真的很感激。提前致谢!

一般来说,如果您选择了一种工具,那么您最好使用它,而不是对抗它。 CherryPy 告诉您,对于 JSON 输入,它期望使用 application/jsontext/javascript content-type.

的请求

这是 cherrypy.lib.jsontools.json_in 的代码:

def json_in(content_type=[ntou('application/json'), ntou('text/javascript')],
            force=True, debug=False, processor=json_processor):

    request = cherrypy.serving.request
    if isinstance(content_type, basestring):
        content_type = [content_type]

    if force:
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Removing body processors %s' %
                         repr(request.body.processors.keys()), 'TOOLS.JSON_IN')
        request.body.processors.clear()
        request.body.default_proc = cherrypy.HTTPError(
            415, 'Expected an entity of content type %s' %
            ', '.join(content_type))

    for ct in content_type:
        if debug:
            cherrypy.log('Adding body processor for %s' % ct, 'TOOLS.JSON_IN')
        request.body.processors[ct] = processor

force 除了删除现有的 body 处理器外,什么都不做。如果您将 force 设置为 False,那么您需要告诉 CherryPy 如何处理您发送给它的请求 body。

或者,更好的是,使用 CherryPy 并告诉它正确 content-type。使用 jQuery 就很简单:

 jQuery.ajax({
    'type'        : 'POST',
    'dataType'    : 'JSON',
    'contentType' : 'application/json',
    'url'         : '/findRelated',
    'data'        : JSON.stringify({'foo': 'bar'})
 });

我意识到问题实际上是关于 CORS preflight request. CORS specification defines 简单 CORS 请求的以下条件:

  • 方法:GETHEADPOST
  • Headers: Accept, Accept-Language, Content-Language, Content-Type
  • Cotent-type header 值:application/x-www-form-urlencodedmultipart/form-datatext/plain

否则 CORS 请求并不简单,在实际请求之前使用预检 OPTIONS 请求以确保其符合条件。这里是 good CORS how-to.

因此,如果您想保持简单,您可能希望恢复正常 application/x-www-form-urlencoded。否则,您需要正确处理预检请求。这是工作示例(不要忘记添加 localhost 别名)。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''
Add localhost alias, `proxy` , in /etc/hosts.
'''


import cherrypy


config = {
  'global' : {
    'server.socket_host' : '127.0.0.1',
    'server.socket_port' : 8080,
    'server.thread_pool' : 8
  }
}


def cors():
  if cherrypy.request.method == 'OPTIONS':
    # preflign request 
    # see http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/#cross-origin-request-with-preflight-0
    cherrypy.response.headers['Access-Control-Allow-Methods'] = 'POST'
    cherrypy.response.headers['Access-Control-Allow-Headers'] = 'content-type'
    cherrypy.response.headers['Access-Control-Allow-Origin']  = '*'
    # tell CherryPy no avoid normal handler
    return True
  else:
    cherrypy.response.headers['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'

cherrypy.tools.cors = cherrypy._cptools.HandlerTool(cors)


class App:

  @cherrypy.expose
  def index(self):
    return '''<!DOCTYPE html>
      <html>
      <head>
      <meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='content-type'>
      <title>CORS AJAX JSON request</title>
      <script type='text/javascript' src='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js'></script>
      <script type='text/javascript'>
        $(document).ready(function()
        {
          $('button').on('click', function()
          {
            $.ajax({
              'type'        : 'POST',
              'dataType'    : 'JSON',
              'contentType' : 'application/json',
              'url'         : 'http://proxy:8080/endpoint',
              'data'        : JSON.stringify({'foo': 'bar'}),
              'success'     : function(response)
              {
                console.log(response);  
              }
            });
          })
        });
      </script>
      </head>
      <body>
        <button>make request</button>
      </body>
      </html>
    '''

  @cherrypy.expose
  @cherrypy.config(**{'tools.cors.on': True})
  @cherrypy.tools.json_in()
  @cherrypy.tools.json_out()
  def endpoint(self):
    data = cherrypy.request.json
    return data.items()


if __name__ == '__main__':
  cherrypy.quickstart(App(), '/', config)