java.net.ConnectException：连接被拒绝：连接 HTTPS 连接

Question

我创建了这个 class 作为独立程序在 Eclipse 中执行，它可以毫无问题地连接所有 http URL（例如：http://whosebug.com), but when I try to connect to a https (e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS）是不可能的

public class TEST4 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "147.67.217.33");
        System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "8022");
        System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "147.67.217.33");
        System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "8022");

        Authenticator.setDefault(new Authenticator() {
        @Override
        protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
          return new PasswordAuthentication("pecador", "9ddjk69t".toCharArray());
        }
      });

        URL url=new URL("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS");     

        URLConnection uc = url.openConnection ();
        String encoded = new String (base64Encode(new String("pecador:9ddjk69t")));
        uc.setRequestProperty("Proxy-Authorization", "Basic " + encoded);
        uc.connect();

        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(uc.getInputStream()));
        String inputLine;
        while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) 
            System.out.println(inputLine);
        in.close();

    }

    public static String userNamePasswordBase64(String username, String password) {
        return "Basic " + base64Encode(username + ":" + password);
    }

    private final static char base64Array[] = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F',
            'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S',
            'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
            'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's',
            't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5',
            '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/' };

    private static String base64Encode(String string) {
        String encodedString = "";
        byte bytes[] = string.getBytes();
        int i = 0;
        int pad = 0;
        while (i < bytes.length) {
            byte b1 = bytes[i++];
            byte b2;
            byte b3;
            if (i >= bytes.length) {
                b2 = 0;
                b3 = 0;
                pad = 2;
            } else {
                b2 = bytes[i++];
                if (i >= bytes.length) {
                    b3 = 0;
                    pad = 1;
                } else
                    b3 = bytes[i++];
            }
            byte c1 = (byte) (b1 >> 2);
            byte c2 = (byte) (((b1 & 0x3) << 4) | (b2 >> 4));
            byte c3 = (byte) (((b2 & 0xf) << 2) | (b3 >> 6));
            byte c4 = (byte) (b3 & 0x3f);
            encodedString += base64Array[c1];
            encodedString += base64Array[c2];
            switch (pad) {
            case 0:
                encodedString += base64Array[c3];
                encodedString += base64Array[c4];
                break;
            case 1:
                encodedString += base64Array[c3];
                encodedString += "=";
                break;
            case 2:
                encodedString += "==";
                break;
            }
        }
        return encodedString;
    }

}

Answer 1

您需要设置https代理。在您的示例中，仅设置了 http 代理。也可以使用身份验证器设置用户名和密码。希望能够自动选择合适的方法。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.Authenticator;
import java.net.PasswordAuthentication;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class Play {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
      // Method 1 for Proxy
      System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "147.67.217.33");
      System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "8022");
      System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "147.67.217.33");
      System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "8022");

      URL url=new URL("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTPS");   
      URLConnection uc = url.openConnection();
      Authenticator.setDefault(new Authenticator() {
        @Override
        protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
          return new PasswordAuthentication("pecador", "9ddjk69t".toCharArray());
        }
      });

      uc.connect();

      BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(uc.getInputStream()));
      String inputLine;
      while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) 
          System.out.println(inputLine);
      in.close();
    }
}

[更新]

由于这仍然没有解决问题，我认为发生的事情是代理希望以纯文本方式进行协商，即使是请求用于代理 https 站点的用户名和密码。在某一时刻，客户端会期望数据通过 SSL 加密，而代理请求 BASIC 身份验证仍然是纯文本。我找到了一篇试图解决这个问题的旧文章：https tunneling。

另请参阅 this blog entry，因为它似乎是引用同一篇文章的有趣主题。

那里有很多 material 可以阅读学习，现在有点太多了，我无法掌握和重复。所以请原谅我直接让你参考那两个读物。像往常一样，我希望阅读您的经验，并希望您能成功。

[我永远的心愿]

代理和身份验证是企业环境的结构，我只是不明白为什么我们没有通过简单易用的 API 来正确处理。

Answer 2

不建议在生产环境中这样做，但您可以禁用 SSL 验证（例如：用于开发目的）。在使用 :

进行连接之前，将此代码添加到您的程序中

TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[] {
    new X509TrustManager() {
      public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
       return null;
      }
      @Override
      public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1)
       throws CertificateException {}

      @Override
      public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1)
        throws CertificateException {}

      }
 };

  SSLContext sc=null;
  try {
   sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
  } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  try {
   sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, new java.security.SecureRandom());
  } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());

  // Create all-trusting host name verifier
  HostnameVerifier validHosts = new HostnameVerifier() {
  @Override
 public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
   return true;
  }
  };
  // All hosts will be valid
  HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(validHosts);

在生产环境中，您必须在 JVM 上安装 SSL 证书。

Source

java.net.ConnectException：连接被拒绝：连接 HTTPS 连接

java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect for HTTPS connections

java

proxy

connection-string

http-proxy