Seaborn 注释预计世界人口的线图

Question

""" 我正在尝试重现显示从 1950 年到 2100 年世界人口增长的情节。

理想情况下，我想在线图下显示两种不同的颜色，1950 年到 2019 年为深绿色，因为这些是实际数据，浅绿色为预测数据（2019 年到 2100 年）
我想注释对应于1950、1987、2019和2050的特定点。我尝试使用markers=True但失败了。

我正在寻找类似下图的东西（没有红色的年增长率）

预先感谢您帮助我。

"""

data = {'Year': {0: 1950,
  1: 1951,
  2: 1952,
  3: 1953,
  4: 1954,
  5: 1955,
  6: 1956,
  7: 1957,
  8: 1958,
  9: 1959,
  10: 1960,
  11: 1961,
  12: 1962,
  13: 1963,
  14: 1964,
  15: 1965,
  16: 1966,
  17: 1967,
  18: 1968,
  19: 1969,
  20: 1970,
  21: 1971,
  22: 1972,
  23: 1973,
  24: 1974,
  25: 1975,
  26: 1976,
  27: 1977,
  28: 1978,
  29: 1979,
  30: 1980,
  31: 1981,
  32: 1982,
  33: 1983,
  34: 1984,
  35: 1985,
  36: 1986,
  37: 1987,
  38: 1988,
  39: 1989,
  40: 1990,
  41: 1991,
  42: 1992,
  43: 1993,
  44: 1994,
  45: 1995,
  46: 1996,
  47: 1997,
  48: 1998,
  49: 1999,
  50: 2000,
  51: 2001,
  52: 2002,
  53: 2003,
  54: 2004,
  55: 2005,
  56: 2006,
  57: 2007,
  58: 2008,
  59: 2009,
  60: 2010,
  61: 2011,
  62: 2012,
  63: 2013,
  64: 2014,
  65: 2015,
  66: 2016,
  67: 2017,
  68: 2018,
  69: 2019,
  70: 2020,
  71: 2091,
  72: 2092,
  73: 2093,
  74: 2094,
  75: 2095,
  76: 2096,
  77: 2097,
  78: 2098,
  79: 2099,
  80: 2100},
 'billion': {0: 2.5,
  1: 2.6,
  2: 2.6,
  3: 2.7,
  4: 2.7,
  5: 2.8,
  6: 2.8,
  7: 2.9,
  8: 2.9,
  9: 3.0,
  10: 3.0,
  11: 3.1,
  12: 3.2,
  13: 3.2,
  14: 3.3,
  15: 3.3,
  16: 3.4,
  17: 3.5,
  18: 3.6,
  19: 3.6,
  20: 3.7,
  21: 3.8,
  22: 3.9,
  23: 3.9,
  24: 4.0,
  25: 4.1,
  26: 4.2,
  27: 4.2,
  28: 4.3,
  29: 4.4,
  30: 4.5,
  31: 4.5,
  32: 4.6,
  33: 4.7,
  34: 4.8,
  35: 4.9,
  36: 5.0,
  37: 5.1,
  38: 5.1,
  39: 5.2,
  40: 5.3,
  41: 5.4,
  42: 5.5,
  43: 5.6,
  44: 5.7,
  45: 5.7,
  46: 5.8,
  47: 5.9,
  48: 6.0,
  49: 6.1,
  50: 6.1,
  51: 6.2,
  52: 6.3,
  53: 6.4,
  54: 6.5,
  55: 6.5,
  56: 6.6,
  57: 6.7,
  58: 6.8,
  59: 6.9,
  60: 7.0,
  61: 7.0,
  62: 7.1,
  63: 7.2,
  64: 7.3,
  65: 7.4,
  66: 7.5,
  67: 7.5,
  68: 7.6,
  69: 7.7,
  70: 7.8,
  71: 10.8,
  72: 10.8,
  73: 10.8,
  74: 10.8,
  75: 10.9,
  76: 10.9,
  77: 10.9,
  78: 10.9,
  79: 10.9,
  80: 10.9}}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker
import seaborn as sns

fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,8))
sns.lineplot(x='Year',y='billion',data=df,ax=ax,color='b')
ax.set_ylim([2,11])
plt.fill_between(df['Year'].values, df['billion'].values,color='lightgreen')

plt.text(1950,2.5,'2.5 Billion\nin 1950',horizontalalignment='left')
plt.text(1987,5,'5 Billion\nin 1987',horizontalalignment='right')
plt.text(2019,7.7,'7.7 Billion\nin 2019',horizontalalignment='right')
plt.text(2050,9.7,'9.7 Billion\nin 2050',horizontalalignment='right')

ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False)#hiding y spine
plt.gca().axes.get_yaxis().set_visible(False) #hiding y axis
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
plt.show()
plt.close()

""" 这是我到目前为止得到的 """

Answer 1

您可以使用 where=:

在年份之间填充

ax.fill_between(df['Year'], df['billion'], color='darkgreen', where=df['Year'] <= 2019)
ax.fill_between(df['Year'], df['billion'], color='lightgreen', where=df['Year'] >= 2019)

您可以使用 np.interp():

对年份进行插值

marked_years = [1950, 1987, 2019, 2050]
ax.scatter(marked_years, np.interp(marked_years, df['Year'], df['billion']), marker='o', color='black', s=50)

可以用类似的方式放置文本：

for year, value in zip(marked_years, np.interp(marked_years, df['Year'], df['billion'])):
    ax.text(year, value, f'{value:.1f} Billion\nin {year}\n', ha='left' if year < 1970 else 'right', va='bottom')

您可以选择每 10 年为 x-axis 设置刻度线，并省略填充：

ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(10))
ax.margins(x=0, tight=True) # zero padding for the x-axis```

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