如果在多个共享库中调用并且启用了 libstdc++ 静态链接，C++ 流就会变得糟糕

Question

我在启用 --static-libstdc++ 的情况下编译了 2 个共享库。

2个共享库有相同的功能f，只是输出一个字符串和一个整数到stdout。

主程序将使用 dlopen 加载 2 个共享库，并使用 dlsym.

调用其中的 f

但是，第二个加载的共享库未能输出整数，C++ 流 cout 变为 bad & fail。

ADD: After discussion, I know this is normal... However, I want to change my question to: what implementation of libstdc++ caused this issue? Is there any shared global state? I think if there is no shared global state, it shouldn't be a problem. I wrote the similar program in Windows by static linking to VCRuntime and using LoadLibrary, and it works normally. So why libstdc++ is designed like this?

以下是2个共享库的代码。（他们共享相同的代码）
他们只会 cout 一个字符串和一个整数。

// dll.cpp

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

extern "C" void f()
{
    cout << "hi" << 1 << endl;

    bool is_eof = cout.eof();
    bool is_fail = cout.fail();
    bool is_bad = cout.bad();

    cout.clear();

    cout << endl;
    cout << "eof: " << to_string(is_eof) << endl;
    cout << "fail: " << to_string(is_fail) << endl;
    cout << "bad: " << to_string(is_bad) << endl;
}

这是主程序，它加载共享库并调用它们的 f 函数。

// main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <cassert>

using namespace std;

using fn_t = void(void);

void call_f_in_dll(const char *dll_path)
{
    auto dll = dlopen(dll_path, RTLD_LAZY);
    assert(dll);
    fn_t *fn = (fn_t *)dlsym(dll, "f");
    assert(fn);
    fn();
    dlclose(dll);
}

int main()
{
    call_f_in_dll("./libmydll.so");

    cout << endl;

    call_f_in_dll("./libmydll2.so");

    return 0;
}

这是 CMakeLists。

# CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project (TestGCC)

add_link_options(-static-libgcc -static-libstdc++)

add_library(mydll SHARED dll.cpp)
add_library(mydll2 SHARED dll.cpp)

add_executable (main main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(main dl)

输出为：

hox@HOX-PC:~/repos/test-gcc/out$ ./main
hi1

eof: 0
fail: 0
bad: 0

hi
eof: 0
fail: 1
bad: 1

Notice the second part, there is no 1 after hi and fail & bad become 1.

您可以在此处查看代码：https://github.com/xuhongxu96/dlopen-iostream-issue

Answer 1

最后我在 Linux（GNU 扩展）中找到了解决问题的方法。

使用 dlmopen 可以更好地隔离 btw 对象。

auto dll = dlmopen(LM_ID_NEWLM, dll_path, RTLD_LAZY);

非常感谢所有评论者！

Still welcome to explain the details about what the conflict states are.

如果在多个共享库中调用并且启用了 libstdc++ 静态链接，C++ 流就会变得糟糕

C++ stream becomes bad if called in multiple shared libs and libstdc++ static linking is enabled

c++

fstream

iostream

dlopen

static-linking