Web 窗体 RichTextBox 编辑方法？

Question

我正在使用 C# WinForm，我有一个 RichTextBox，我正试图让它看起来像一个 C# 脚本。

意思是当使用特定的词时，我希望它们是彩色的。当他们通过更改来编辑单词时，我希望它变回黑色。

我的方法可行，但是当创建滚动选项并且需要使用它查看下面的代码时，它确实很混乱并且会导致错误。（打字的时候，richtextbox几乎不停地跳上跳下）

private void ScriptRichTextBox_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        ScriptTextChange = ScriptRichTextBox.Text;
        ScriptColorChange();
    }

    private void ScriptColorChange()
    {
        int index = ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionStart;
        ScriptRichTextBox.Text = ScriptTextChange; //Only way I found to make the all current text black again, SelectAll() didn't work well.
        ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionStart = index;
        String[] coloredNames = {"Main", "ClickMouseDown", "ClickMouseUp", "PressKey", "StopMoving", "Delay", "GoRight", "GoLeft", "GoUp", "GoDown", "MousePosition", "LastHorizontalDirection", "LastVerticalDirections", "CurrentDirection", "Directions" };
        String[] coloredNames2 = { "cm.", "if", "else", "while", "switch", "case", "break", "return", "new" };
        String[] coloredNames3 = { "MyPosition", "MyHp", "MyMp", "OtherPeopleInMap", ".RIGHT", ".LEFT", ".UP", ".DOWN", ".STOP_MOVING" };
        foreach (String s in coloredNames)
            this.CheckKeyword(s, Color.LightSkyBlue, 0);
        foreach (String s in coloredNames2)
            this.CheckKeyword(s, Color.Blue, 0);
        foreach (String s in coloredNames3)
            this.CheckKeyword(s, Color.DarkGreen, 0);
    }

    private void CheckKeyword(string word, Color color, int startIndex)
    {
        if (this.ScriptRichTextBox.Text.Contains(word))
        {
            int index = 0;
            int selectStart = this.ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionStart;

            while ((index = this.ScriptRichTextBox.Text.IndexOf(word, (index + 1))) != -1)
            {
                this.ScriptRichTextBox.Select((index + startIndex), word.Length);
                this.ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionColor = color;
                this.ScriptRichTextBox.Select(selectStart, 0);
                this.ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionColor = Color.Black;
            }
        }
    }

Answer 1

我对您的代码进行了一些重构，希望能展示一种更好的文本着色方法。每次触发 TextChanged 事件时实例化字符串数组也不是最佳选择。

已更新：~~想法是建立一个单词缓冲区，在输入时与您的单词集匹配。~~

~~缓冲区记录每个密钥，如果它 .IsLetterOrDigit 则将其添加到 StringBuilder 缓冲区。~~ 缓冲区有一些额外的错误，记录密钥如果按退格键等，请按值而不删除记录的字符。

而不是单词 buffer，使用 RegEx 来匹配中的任何单词你的保留字列表。建立保留字 RegEx 所以你最终得到类似 \b(word|word2|word3....)\b 的东西这是在 BuildRegExPattern(..) 方法的代码中完成的。

一旦您按下除字母或数字以外的任何键 ~~将检查缓冲区的内容，如果内容与单词匹配~~ 则仅检查 ScriptRichTextBox.Text 已检查并更改。

从保留字中删除 .（点），因为这只会使匹配条件复杂化。构建模式中的正则表达式将与单词完全匹配，因此如果您键入 FARRIGHT 或 cms 之类的内容，单词不会部分改变颜色。

作为额外内容，我还介绍了粘贴过程按Ctrl+V，因为这在 WinForms 中有点麻烦，而且可能会经常发生。

有一些较旧的问题 eg. this one 涵盖了滚动行为，其中显示了如何通过添加 [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll")] 属性来 interop，但它可以是没有它就完成了。

要防止所有滚动跳跃，您可以使用 .DefWndProc(msg) method on the form. this question 将我指向 WM_SETREDRAW 属性.

还有 this list 个可以设置的其他属性。

完整的实现是这样的：

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    private readonly string[] _skyBlueStrings;
    private readonly string[] _blueStrings;
    private readonly string[] _greenStrings;

    //for pasting
    bool _IsCtrl;
    bool _IsV;

    //value to fix the colour not setting first character after return key pressed
    int _returnIdxFix = 0;

    //regex patterns to use
    string _LightBlueRegX = "";
    string _BlueRegX = "";
    string _GreenRegX = "";

    //match only words
    Regex _rgxAnyWords = new Regex(@"(\w+)");

    //colour setup
    Color _LightBlueColour = Color.LightSkyBlue;
    Color _BlueColour = Color.Blue;
    Color _GreenColour = Color.DarkGreen;
    Color _DefaultColour = Color.Black;


    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        _skyBlueStrings = new string[] { "Main", "ClickMouseDown", "ClickMouseUp", "PressKey", "StopMoving", "Delay", "GoRight", "GoLeft", "GoUp", "GoDown", "MousePosition", "LastHorizontalDirection", "LastVerticalDirections", "CurrentDirection", "Directions" };
        _blueStrings = new string[] { "cm", "if", "else", "while", "switch", "case", "break", "return", "new" };
        _greenStrings = new string[] { "MyPosition", "MyHp", "MyMp", "OtherPeopleInMap", "RIGHT", "LEFT", "UP", "DOWN", "STOP_MOVING" };

        _LightBlueRegX = BuildRegExPattern(_skyBlueStrings);
        _BlueRegX = BuildRegExPattern(_blueStrings);
        _GreenRegX = BuildRegExPattern(_greenStrings);
    }

    string BuildRegExPattern(string[] keyworkArray)
    {
        StringBuilder _regExPatern = new StringBuilder();
        _regExPatern.Append(@"\b(");//beginning of word
        _regExPatern.Append(string.Join("|", keyworkArray));//all reserve words
        _regExPatern.Append(@")\b");//end of word
        return _regExPatern.ToString();
    }

    private void ProcessAllText()
    {
        BeginRtbUpdate();
        FormatKeywords(_LightBlueRegX, _LightBlueColour);
        FormatKeywords(_BlueRegX, _BlueColour);
        FormatKeywords(_GreenRegX, _GreenColour);

        //internal function to process words and set their colours
        void FormatKeywords(string regExPattern, Color wordColour)
        {
            var matchStrings = Regex.Matches(ScriptRichTextBox.Text, regExPattern);
            foreach (Match match in matchStrings)
            {
                FormatKeyword(keyword: match.Value, wordIndex: match.Index, wordColour: wordColour);
            }
        }

        EndRtbUpdate();
        ScriptRichTextBox.Select(ScriptRichTextBox.Text.Length, 0);
        ScriptRichTextBox.Invalidate();
    }

    void ProcessWordAtIndex(string fullText, int cursorIdx)
    {
        MatchCollection anyWordMatches = _rgxAnyWords.Matches(fullText);
        if (anyWordMatches.Count == 0)
        { return; } // no words found

        var allWords = anyWordMatches.OfType<Match>().ToList();

        //get the word just before cursor
        var wordAtCursor = allWords.FirstOrDefault(w => (cursorIdx - _returnIdxFix) == (w.Index + w.Length));
        if (wordAtCursor is null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(wordAtCursor.Value))
        { return; }//no word at cursor or the match was blank

        Color wordColour = CalculateWordColour(wordAtCursor.Value);
        FormatKeyword(wordAtCursor.Value, wordAtCursor.Index, wordColour);

    }

    private Color CalculateWordColour(string word)
    {
        if (_skyBlueStrings.Contains(word))
        { return _LightBlueColour; }
        if (_blueStrings.Contains(word))
        { return _BlueColour; }
        if (_greenStrings.Contains(word))
        { return _GreenColour; }
        return _DefaultColour;
    }

    private void FormatKeyword(string keyword, int wordIndex, Color wordColour)
    {
        ScriptRichTextBox.Select((wordIndex - _returnIdxFix), keyword.Length);
        ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionColor = wordColour;
        ScriptRichTextBox.Select(wordIndex + keyword.Length, 0);
        ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionColor = _DefaultColour;
    }

    #region RichTextBox BeginUpdate and EndUpdate Methods
        protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
        {
            base.WndProc(ref m);
            //wait until the rtb is visible, otherwise you get some weird behaviour.
            if (ScriptRichTextBox.Visible && ScriptRichTextBox.IsHandleCreated)
            {
                if (m.LParam == ScriptRichTextBox.Handle)
                {
                    rtBox_lParam = m.LParam;
                    rtBox_wParam = m.WParam;
                }
            }
        }

        IntPtr rtBox_wParam = IntPtr.Zero;
        IntPtr rtBox_lParam = IntPtr.Zero;
        const int WM_SETREDRAW = 0x0b;
        const int EM_HIDESELECTION = 0x43f;

        void BeginRtbUpdate()
        {
            Message msg_WM_SETREDRAW = Message.Create(ScriptRichTextBox.Handle, WM_SETREDRAW, (IntPtr)0, rtBox_lParam);
            this.DefWndProc(ref msg_WM_SETREDRAW);
        }

        public void EndRtbUpdate()
        {
            Message msg_WM_SETREDRAW = Message.Create(ScriptRichTextBox.Handle, WM_SETREDRAW, rtBox_wParam, rtBox_lParam);
            this.DefWndProc(ref msg_WM_SETREDRAW);
            //redraw the RichTextBox
            ScriptRichTextBox.Invalidate();
        }
        #endregion

    private void ScriptRichTextBox_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        //only run all text if it was pasted NOT ON EVERY TEXT CHANGE!
        if (_IsCtrl && _IsV)
        {
            _IsCtrl = false;
            ProcessAllText();
        }
    }

    protected void ScriptRichTextBox_KeyPress(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
    {
        if (!char.IsLetterOrDigit(e.KeyChar))
        {
            //if the key was enter the cursor position is 1 position off                
            _returnIdxFix = (e.KeyChar == '\r') ? 1 : 0;
            ProcessWordAtIndex(ScriptRichTextBox.Text, ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionStart);
        }
    }

    private void ScriptRichTextBox_KeyDown(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.KeyCode == Keys.ControlKey)
        {
            _IsCtrl = true;
        }
        if (e.KeyCode == Keys.V)
        {
            _IsV = true;
        }
    }

    private void ScriptRichTextBox_KeyUp(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.KeyCode == Keys.ControlKey)
        {
            _IsCtrl = false;
        }
        if (e.KeyCode == Keys.V)
        {
            _IsV = false;
        }
    }
}

当你粘贴一些“代码”时看起来像这样，关键字：

打字如下：

Answer 2

好的，在 2 天没有找到真正有效或有恼人错误的东西之后。经过一番努力使其发挥作用后，我设法自己找到了解决方案。主要想法是人们试图一次编辑所有 RichTextBox 单词，这会导致错误。为什么要编辑所有的富文本框，当您可以对当前单词进行检查时只能得到相同的结果。这就是我所做的，我检查了我的数组字符串是否在当前单词中，并为所有字符串着色。

private void ScriptRichTextBox_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        FindStringsInCurrentWord();
    }

    private void FindStringsInCurrentWord()
    {
        RichTextBox script = ScriptRichTextBox;
        String finalWord, forwards, backwards;
        int saveLastSelectionStart = script.SelectionStart;
        int index = script.SelectionStart;

        String[] coloredNames = { "Main", "ClickMouseDown", "ClickMouseUp", "PressKey", "StopMoving", "Delay", "GoRight", "GoLeft", "GoUp", "GoDown", "MousePosition", "LastHorizontalDirection", "LastVerticalDirections", "CurrentDirection", "Directions" };
        String[] coloredNames2 = { "cm.", "if", "else", "while", "switch", "case", "break", "return", "new" };
        String[] coloredNames3 = { "MyPosition", "MyHp", "MyMp", "OtherPeopleInMap", ".RIGHT", ".LEFT", ".UP", ".DOWN", ".STOP_MOVING" };

        String[] arr2 = coloredNames.Union(coloredNames2).ToArray();
        Array arrAll = arr2.Union(coloredNames3).ToArray(); //Gets all arrays together
        Array[] wordsArray = { coloredNames, coloredNames2, coloredNames3 }; //All found strings in the word
        List<String> wordsFoundList = new List<String>();
        int foundChangedColor = 0;
        int wordsFound = 0;


        char current = (char)script.GetCharFromPosition(script.GetPositionFromCharIndex(index)); //Where the editor thingy is
        //Check forward text where he uses space and save text
        while (!System.Char.IsWhiteSpace(current) && index < script.Text.Length)
        {
            index++;
            current = (char)script.GetCharFromPosition(script.GetPositionFromCharIndex(index));
        }
        int lengthForward = index - saveLastSelectionStart;
        script.Select(script.SelectionStart, lengthForward);
        forwards = script.SelectedText;
        //Debug.WriteLine("Forwards: " + forwards);
        script.SelectionStart = saveLastSelectionStart;
        this.ScriptRichTextBox.Select(script.SelectionStart, 0);
        index = script.SelectionStart;
        current = (char)script.GetCharFromPosition(script.GetPositionFromCharIndex(index));
        int length = 0;
        //Check backwords where he uses space and save text
        while ((!System.Char.IsWhiteSpace(current) || length == 0) && index > 0 && index <= script.Text.Length)
        {
            index--;
            length++;
            current = (char)script.GetCharFromPosition(script.GetPositionFromCharIndex(index));
        }
        script.SelectionStart -= length;
        script.Select(script.SelectionStart + 1, length - 1);
        backwards = script.SelectedText;
        //Debug.WriteLine("Backwards: " + backwards);
        script.SelectionStart = saveLastSelectionStart;
        this.ScriptRichTextBox.Select(saveLastSelectionStart, 0);
        this.ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionColor = Color.Black;
        finalWord = backwards + forwards; //Our all word!
        //Debug.WriteLine("WORD:" + finalWord);
  
        //Setting all of the word black, after it coloring the right places
        script.Select(index + 1, length + lengthForward);
        script.SelectionColor = Color.Black;
        foreach (string word in arrAll)
        {
            if (finalWord.IndexOf(word) != -1)
            {
                wordsFound++;
                wordsFoundList.Add(word);
                script.Select(index + 1 + finalWord.IndexOf(word), word.Length);
                if (coloredNames.Any(word.Contains))
                {
                    script.SelectionColor = Color.LightSkyBlue;
                    foundChangedColor++;
                }
                else if (coloredNames2.Any(word.Contains))
                {
                    script.SelectionColor = Color.Blue;
                    foundChangedColor++;
                }
                else if (coloredNames3.Any(word.Contains))
                {
                    script.SelectionColor = Color.DarkGreen;
                    foundChangedColor++;
                }
                //Debug.WriteLine("Word to edit: " + script.SelectedText);
                this.ScriptRichTextBox.Select(saveLastSelectionStart, 0);
                this.ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionColor = Color.Black;
            }
        }

        //No strings found, color it black
        if (wordsFound == 0)
        {
            script.Select(index + 1, length + lengthForward);
            script.SelectionColor = Color.Black;
            //Debug.WriteLine("WORD??: " + script.SelectedText);
            this.ScriptRichTextBox.Select(saveLastSelectionStart, 0);
            this.ScriptRichTextBox.SelectionColor = Color.Black;
        }
    }

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