SwiftUI

Question

在学习更多 SwiftUI 的过程中，我仍然对将我的元素定位在 ZStack 中感到困惑。

目标是“简单”，我想要一个文本，如果文本太长，它会在定义的区域内滑动。假设我有一个 50px 的区域，文本占用 100。我希望文本从右向左滑动，然后从左向右滑动。

目前，我的代码如下所示：

struct ContentView: View {
    @State private var animateSliding: Bool = false
    private let timer = Timer.publish(every: 1, on: .current, in: .common).autoconnect()
    private let slideDuration: Double = 3
    private let text: String = "Hello, World! My name is Oleg and I would like this text to slide!"

    var body: some View {
        GeometryReader(content: { geometry in
            VStack(content: {
                Text("Hello, World! My name is Oleg!")
                    .font(.system(size: 20))
                    .id("SlidingText-Animation")
                    .alignmentGuide(VerticalAlignment.center, computeValue: { [=10=][VerticalAlignment.center] })
                    .position(y: geometry.size.height / 2 + self.textSize(fromWidth: geometry.size.width).height / 2)
                    .fixedSize()
                    .background(Color.red)
                    .animation(Animation.easeInOut(duration: 2).repeatForever())
                    .position(x: self.animateSliding ? -self.textSize(fromWidth: geometry.size.width).width : self.textSize(fromWidth: geometry.size.width).width)
                    .onAppear(perform: {
                        self.animateSliding.toggle()
                    })
            })
                .background(Color.yellow)
                .clipShape(Rectangle())
        })
            .frame(width: 200, height: 80)
    }

    func textSize(fromWidth width: CGFloat, fontName: String = "System Font", fontSize: CGFloat = UIFont.systemFontSize) -> CGSize {
        let text: UILabel = .init()
        text.text = self.text
        text.numberOfLines = 0
        text.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 20) // (name: fontName, size: fontSize)
        text.lineBreakMode = .byWordWrapping
        return text.sizeThatFits(CGSize.init(width: width, height: .infinity))
    }
}

对于如何将文本在其父项中垂直居中并制作从正确位置开始的动画，您有什么建议吗？

感谢您以后的帮助，非常感谢！

编辑：

我重构了我的代码，并改变了一些我正在做的事情。

struct SlidingText: View {
    let geometryProxy: GeometryProxy

    @State private var animateSliding: Bool = false
    private let timer = Timer.publish(every: 1, on: .current, in: .common).autoconnect()
    private let slideDuration: Double = 3
    private let text: String = "Hello, World! My name is Oleg and I would like this text to slide!"

    var body: some View {
        ZStack(alignment: .leading, content: {
            Text(text)
                .font(.system(size: 20))
//                .lineLimit(1)
                .id("SlidingText-Animation")
                .fixedSize(horizontal: true, vertical: false)
                .background(Color.red)
                .animation(Animation.easeInOut(duration: slideDuration).repeatForever())
                .offset(x: self.animateSliding ? -textSize().width : textSize().width)
                .onAppear(perform: {
                    self.animateSliding.toggle()
                })
        })
            .frame(width: self.geometryProxy.size.width, height: self.geometryProxy.size.height)
            .clipShape(Rectangle())
            .background(Color.yellow)
    }

    func textSize(fontName: String = "System Font", fontSize: CGFloat = 20) -> CGSize {
        let text: UILabel = .init()
        text.text = self.text
        text.numberOfLines = 0
        text.font = UIFont(name: fontName, size: fontSize)
        text.lineBreakMode = .byWordWrapping
        let textSize = text.sizeThatFits(CGSize(width: self.geometryProxy.size.width, height: .infinity))
        print(textSize.width)
        return textSize
    }
}

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        GeometryReader(content: { geometry in
            SlidingText(geometryProxy: geometry)
        })
            .frame(width: 200, height: 40)

    }
}

现在动画看起来很不错，除了左右两边都有填充，我不明白为什么。

Edit2：我还注意到通过将 text.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 20) 更改为 text.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 15) 可以使文本正确显示。我不明白 SwiftUI 或 UIKit 的系统字体是否有区别。不应该..

在我的案例中使用解决方案进行最终编辑：

struct SlidingText: View {
    let geometryProxy: GeometryProxy
    @Binding var text: String
    @Binding var fontSize: CGFloat

    @State private var animateSliding: Bool = false
    private let timer = Timer.publish(every: 5, on: .current, in: .common).autoconnect()
    private let slideDuration: Double = 3

    var body: some View {
            ZStack(alignment: .leading, content: {
                VStack {
                    Text(text)
                        .font(.system(size: self.fontSize))
                        .background(Color.red)
                }
                .fixedSize()
                .frame(width: geometryProxy.size.width, alignment: animateSliding ? .trailing : .leading)
                .clipped()
                .animation(Animation.linear(duration: slideDuration))
                .onReceive(timer) { _ in
                    self.animateSliding.toggle()
                }
            })
                .frame(width: self.geometryProxy.size.width, height: self.geometryProxy.size.height)
                .clipShape(Rectangle())
                .background(Color.yellow)
    }
}

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var text: String = "Hello, World! My name is Oleg and I would like this text to slide!"
    @State var fontSize: CGFloat = 20

    var body: some View {
        GeometryReader(content: { geometry in
            SlidingText(geometryProxy: geometry, text: self.$text, fontSize: self.$fontSize)
        })
            .frame(width: 400, height: 40)
        .padding(0)

    }
}

这是直观的结果。

Answer 1

这是一个可能的简单方法 - 这个想法就像更改容器中的文本对齐方式一样简单，其他任何内容都可以照常调整。

使用 Xcode 12 / iOS 14

准备和测试的演示

更新：用 Xcode 13.3 / iOS 15.4

重新测试

struct DemoSlideText: View {
    let text = "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor"

    @State private var go = false
    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text(text)
        }
        .fixedSize()
        .frame(width: 300, alignment: go ? .trailing : .leading)
        .clipped()
        .onAppear { self.go.toggle() }
        .animation(Animation.linear(duration: 5).repeatForever(autoreverses: true), value: go)
    }
}

backup

Answer 2

一种方法是使用“PreferenceKey”协议，结合“preference”和“onPreferenceChange”修饰符。

这是 SwiftUI 将数据从子视图发送到父视图的方式。

代码：

struct ContentView: View {
    
    @State private var offset: CGFloat = 0.0
    
    private let text: String = "Hello, World! My name is Oleg and I would like this text to slide!"
    
    var body: some View {
        // Capturing the width of the screen
        GeometryReader { screenGeo in
            ZStack {
                Color.yellow
                    .frame(height: 50)
                
                Text(text)
                    .fixedSize()
                    .background(
                        // Capturing the width of the text
                        GeometryReader { geo in
                            Color.red
                                // Sending width difference to parent View
                                .preference(key: MyTextPreferenceKey.self, value: screenGeo.size.width - geo.frame(in: .local).width
                                )
                        }
                    )
            }
            .offset(x: self.offset)
            // Receiving width from child view
            .onPreferenceChange(MyTextPreferenceKey.self, perform: { width in
                    withAnimation(Animation.easeInOut(duration: 1).repeatForever()) {
                        self.offset = width
                    }
            })
        }
    }
}

// MARK: PreferenceKey
struct MyTextPreferenceKey: PreferenceKey {
    static var defaultValue: CGFloat = 0.0
    
    static func reduce(value: inout CGFloat, nextValue: () -> CGFloat) {
        value = nextValue()
    }
}

结果：

Answer 3

在你们的启发下，我最终只使用动画 functions/properties。

import SwiftUI

struct SlidingText: View {
    let geometryProxy: GeometryProxy
    @Binding var text: String
    let font: Font

    @State private var animateSliding: Bool = false
    private let slideDelay: Double = 3
    private let slideDuration: Double = 6

    private var isTextLargerThanView: Bool {
        if text.size(forWidth: geometryProxy.size.width, andFont: font).width < geometryProxy.size.width {
            return false
        }
        return true
    }

    var body: some View {
        ZStack(alignment: .leading, content: {
            VStack(content: {
                Text(text)
                    .font(self.font)
                    .foregroundColor(.white)
            })
                .id("SlidingText-Animation")
                .fixedSize()
                .animation(isTextLargerThanView ? Animation.linear(duration: slideDuration).delay(slideDelay).repeatForever(autoreverses: true) : nil)
                .frame(width: geometryProxy.size.width,
                       alignment: isTextLargerThanView ? (animateSliding ? .trailing : .leading) : .center)
                .onAppear(perform: {
                    self.animateSliding.toggle()
                })
        })
            .clipped()
    }
}

我称 SlidingView

GeometryReader(content: { geometry in
                    SlidingText(geometryProxy: geometry,
                                text: self.$playerViewModel.seasonByline,
                                font: .custom("FoundersGrotesk-RegularRegular", size: 15))
                })
                    .frame(height: 20)
                    .fixedSize(horizontal: false, vertical: true)

再次感谢您的帮助！

SwiftUI - 滑动文本动画和定位

SwiftUI - Sliding Text animation and positioning

uiviewanimation

swift

swiftui-animation

更新：用 Xcode 13.3 / iOS 15.4

代码：

结果：