为什么可以使用未具体化的路径相关类型定义 class?

Why is it possible to define a class with a unreified path-dependent type?

考虑以下示例:

trait Supe {

  type Out <: Supe
  def out: Out
}

class Reif1 extends Supe {

  type Out = Reif1
  override def out: Out = this
}

class Reif2 extends Supe {

  type Out >: this.type <: Reif2
  override def out: Out = this
}

class Reif1 显然应该有效。因为 type Out 被具体化并成为类型别名

class Reif2 也有效但认真吗? type Out 只定义了 upper/lower 边界,而且边界还不够紧:this.type 是单例类型,Reif2 是 class 类型。那么如果 Reif2 被实例化, Out 到底会是什么样子呢?会是this.type吗?还是Reif2?但更大的问题应该是:为什么 scalac 2.12/2.13 允许编译它?

在 Scala(或 DOT 演算 1 2)中,所有类型都是区间。

type Out = Reif1 是(或应该是)type Out >: Reif1 <: Reif1

无边界抽象类型 type Outtype Out >: Nothing <: Any

So what exactly would Out look like if Reif2 got instantiated?

它将完全保持 type Out >: this.type <: Reif2

val r = new Reif2

import scala.reflect.runtime.universe._
typeOf[r.Out] // App.r.Out
showRaw(typeOf[r.Out]) // TypeRef(SingleType(ThisType(App), TermName("r")), TypeName("Out"), List())
typeOf[r.Out].typeSymbol.isAbstract // true
typeOf[r.Out].typeSymbol.typeSignature //  >: Reif2.this.type <: App.Reif2

如果将 Reif2 中的 type Out >: this.type <: Reif2 替换为 type Out = this.type(或 type Out = Reif2type Out = Supe),则 isAbstract 将 return false.

(见抽象类型的应用)

What is the meaning of a type declaration without definition in an object?(看看为什么检查 type T >: L <: U 不是抽象的并不容易)

Concrete classes can have abstract type members #1753

SI-8217 allow abstract type members in objects #4024

Abstract type members are incorrectly forbidden in objects (unless inherited) #8217

Use of abstract type in a concrete class?

Concrete classes with abstract type members