为什么我不能在打字稿 class 的构造函数中访问抽象 属性

Why can't I access an abstract property in the constructor of a typescript class

abstract class Route {
    abstract readonly name?: string;
    protected abstract pattern: string;

    public constructor() {
        // Do something with `this.name` and `this.pattern`.
        
        console.log(this.pattern); // Typecheck error
    }
    
    abstract handle(): void;
}

这会引发错误,因为 this.pattern 不会在构造函数中访问。为什么我不能访问它?

(将我的评论转换为答案)

Why can't I access it?

因为派生的class'构造函数不会被调用,所以对象可能处于无效状态。一些语言允许来自父构造函数的 virtual-calls 但它仍然被普遍认为是一种不好的做法。 TypeScript 选择不允许它。

文档中提到了这一点:https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/classes.html

[...] each derived class that contains a constructor function must call super() which will execute the constructor of the base class. What’s more, before we ever access a property on this in a constructor body, we have to call super(). This is an important rule that TypeScript will enforce.

以防万一的解决方案是将pattern作为参数传递给Route的构造函数。如果 pattern 无法在调用父构造函数之前由子class' 构造函数确定,那么您需要重新考虑您的设计。

abstract class Route {
    
    constructor(
        private readonly pattern: string
    )
    {
        console.log( pattern );
    }
}

class Derived123 extends Route {
    
    constructor() {
        super( /*pattern:*/ "123" )
    }
}

class Derived456 extends Route {
    
    constructor() {
        super( /*pattern:*/ "456" )
    }
}