如何在 Android 上发出 GET 请求?

How to make a GET request on Android?

我之前开发了一个实时货币转换器程序,想将其导出为 Android 应用程序。 为此,我使用带有 RestTemplate 的 GET 请求来获取 2 种货币之间的汇率。但是,我收到此错误:android.os.NetworkOnMainThreadException

这是我第一次尝试的代码:

   public void displayResult(View view) {

    TextView output = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.conversion);
    output.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER);
    output.setText(String.valueOf(convert()));
}

float convert() {

    EditText textBaseCurrency = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.BASE_CURRENCY);
    EditText textTargetCurrency = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.TARGET_CURRENCY);
    EditText textAmount = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.AMOUNT);

    String baseCurrency = textBaseCurrency.getText().toString().toUpperCase();
    String targetCurrency = textTargetCurrency.getText().toString().toUpperCase();
    float amount = Integer.parseInt(textAmount.getText().toString());

    restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
    String url = "https://v6.exchangerate-api.com/v6/" + API_KEY + "/latest/" + baseCurrency;
    ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class);
    System.out.println(responseEntity);

    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    JsonNode root = null;
    try {
        root = mapper.readTree(responseEntity.getBody());
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    JsonNode name = root.get(conversionRates);
    JsonNode rates = name.get(targetCurrency);
    float rate = rates.floatValue();
    float newAmount = rate * amount;

    return newAmount;
}

我看到解决方案是使用 AsyncTask。我试过了,但是没有成功:

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    new Connection().execute();
}


    public class Connection extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> {

    @Override
    protected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {

        EditText textBaseCurrency = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.BASE_CURRENCY);
        EditText textTargetCurrency = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.TARGET_CURRENCY);
        EditText textAmount = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.AMOUNT);

        String baseCurrency = textBaseCurrency.getText().toString().toUpperCase();
        String targetCurrency = textTargetCurrency.getText().toString().toUpperCase();
        float amount = Integer.parseInt(textAmount.getText().toString());

        restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
        String url = "https://v6.exchangerate-api.com/v6/" + API_KEY + "/latest/" + baseCurrency;
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class);
        System.out.println(responseEntity);

        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        JsonNode root = null;
        try {
            root = mapper.readTree(responseEntity.getBody());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        JsonNode name = root.get(conversionRates);
        JsonNode rates = name.get(targetCurrency);
        float rate = rates.floatValue();
        float newAmount = rate * amount;

        return null;
    }

此外,现在已弃用。

我的 gradle.build 文件:

    packagingOptions{
    exclude 'META-INF/notice.txt'
    exclude 'META-INF/license.txt'
}dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: "libs", include: ["*.jar"])
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0'
implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.1'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
implementation 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.9.10.6'
implementation 'javax.xml.stream:stax-api:1.0'
implementation 'org.springframework.android:spring-android-rest-template:1.0.1.RELEASE'

}

我还在 AndroidManifest.xml

中添加了 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

您需要执行 api 进程 im 后台线程而不是主线程

使用异步任务 使用改造 使用 Runnable

从中选择一项。还有很多

您可以使用一些类似的库来执行此操作:

但首先你应该添加这个权限:

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

但最简单的方法是:

class RequestTask extends AsyncTask<String, String, String>{

    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... uri) {
        HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpResponse response;
        String responseString = null;
        try {
            response = httpclient.execute(new HttpGet(uri[0]));
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            if(statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){
                ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                response.getEntity().writeTo(out);
                responseString = out.toString();
                out.close();
            } else{
                //Closes the connection.
                response.getEntity().getContent().close();
                throw new IOException(statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            //TODO Handle problems..
        } catch (IOException e) {
            //TODO Handle problems..
        }
        return responseString;
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
        super.onPostExecute(result);
        //Do anything with response..
    }
}

然后您可以通过以下方式提出请求:

   new RequestTask().execute("https://v6.exchangerate-api.com/v6/" + API_KEY + "/latest/" + baseCurrency);

请记住,如果您在 android9 上使用此应用程序,您应该将此属性用于您的 AndroidManifest.xml,您允许所有请求的所有 http:

<application android:usesCleartextTraffic="true">
</application>

但如果您需要为不同的链接进行更多配置,例如,允许某些域使用 HTTP 而不是其他域,您必须提供 res/xml/networkSecurityConfig.xml 文件。

要在 Android 9 Pie 中执行此操作,您必须在清单应用程序标记中设置一个 networkSecurityConfig,如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest ... >
    <application android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config">




    </application>
</manifest>

然后在你的 xml 文件夹中,你现在必须创建一个名为 network_security_config 的文件,就像你在清单中命名它的方式一样,从那里你的文件内容应该是这样的启用所有不加密的请求:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

但请注意:

sdk 23 不再支持

HttpClient。您必须使用 URLConnection 或降级到 sdk 22 (compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0')

如果您需要 sdk 23,请将其添加到您的 gradle:

android {
    useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
}

您也可以尝试下载 HttpClient.jar 并将其直接包含到您的项目中,或者改用 OkHttp

您不能在主线程中执行 HTTP 请求。您需要 运行 它们在不同的线程上,然后 运行 在主线程中进行回调。
是的,您可以使用 AsyncTask,但代码会非常冗长,我个人不喜欢 AsyncTasks

不过,我会建议您使用更高级的库,这些库效果很好,例如 Retrofit or OkHttp

您必须在单独的线程上执行与网络相关的操作... 您可以使用 AsyncTask

private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Float> {
    protected Float doInBackground(Void) {
         // put the convert function definition
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(Float result) {
        // update the UI after background processes completes
    }
}

将此 class 定义为 activity 的子 class,然后将其命名为

new MyTask().execute();