在 JAVA 中将字符串作为输入时出现问题

Question

我正在尝试创建一个程序，将广告 IP 地址作为输入，并给出 Class、netID 和 hostID 作为输出。我在程序中将 IP 地址作为字符串输入时遇到问题。

This is the snap of the error i am getting

错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: begin 0, end -1, length 0
    at java.base/java.lang.String.checkBoundsBeginEnd(String.java:3756)
    at java.base/java.lang.String.substring(String.java:1902)
    at cnPrac6.classFromDecimal(cnPrac6.java:7)
    at cnPrac6.main(cnPrac6.java:94)

下面是我遇到错误的部分代码：

public static void main(String[] args) {
            Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
            String ipClassD = "";
            String ipClassB = "";
            System.out.print("In which category you address is: \n 1. Decimal \n 2. Binary \n");
            int choice = sc.nextInt();
            System.out.print("Enter your address: ");  
            String str= sc.nextLine();
            System.out.print("\n");
            
            switch (choice) {
              case 1:
                  ipClassD = classFromDecimal(str); 
                  System.out.println("Given IP address belings to Class "+ipClassD);
                  seprate(str,ipClassD);
                break;

下面是完整代码

import java.util.*;

public class cnPrac6 {
        static String classFromDecimal(String str){ 

            int index = str.indexOf('.');
            String ipsub = str.substring(0,index); 
            int ip = Integer.parseInt(ipsub); 
            if (ip>=1 && ip<=126) 
                return "A"; 
            else if (ip>=128 && ip<=191) 
                return "B"; 
            else if (ip>=192 && ip<223) 
                return "C"; 
            else if (ip >=224 && ip<=239) 
                return "D"; 
            else
                return "E"; 
        } 

        static String classFromBinary(String str){ 
 
            if (str.charAt(0)=='0') 
                return "A"; 
            else if (str.charAt(0)=='1' && str.charAt(1)=='0') 
                return "B"; 
            else if (str.charAt(0)=='1' && str.charAt(1)=='1' && str.charAt(2)=='0') 
                return "C";
            else if (str.charAt(0)=='1' && str.charAt(1)=='1' && str.charAt(2)=='1' && str.charAt(3)=='0') 
                return "D";
            else if (str.charAt(0)=='1' && str.charAt(1)=='1' && str.charAt(2)=='1' && str.charAt(3)=='1' && str.charAt(4)=='1') 
                return "E";
            else return "Error wrong address";
        }
        
        static void seprate(String str, String ipClass){  
            String network = "", host = ""; 
      
            if(ipClass == "A"){ 
                int index = str.indexOf('.'); 
                network = str.substring(0,index); 
                host = str.substring(index+1,str.length()); 
            }
            else if(ipClass == "B"){      
                int index = -1;  
                int dot = 0;  
                for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){ 
                    if(str.charAt(i)=='.'){ 
                        dot +=1; 
                        if(dot==2){ 
                            index = i; 
                            break; 
                        } 
                    } 
                } 
                network = str.substring(0,index); 
                host = str.substring(index+1,str.length()); 
            }
            else if(ipClass == "C"){ 
                int index = -1;  
                int dot = 0;  
                for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){ 
                    if(str.charAt(i)=='.'){ 
                        dot +=1; 
                        if(dot==3){ 
                            index = i; 
                            break;                      
                        } 
                    } 
                } 
                network = str.substring(0,index); 
                host = str.substring(index+1,str.length()); 
            }
            else if(ipClass == "D" || ipClass == "E"){ 
                System.out.println("No network or host ID"); 
                return; 
            } 
            System.out.println("Network ID is "+network); 
            System.out.println("Host ID is "+host); 
        } 
        
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in);
            String ipClassD = "";
            String ipClassB = "";
            System.out.print("In which category you address is: \n 1. Decimal \n 2. Binary \n");
            int choice = sc.nextInt();
            System.out.print("Enter your address: ");  
            String str= sc.nextLine();
            System.out.print("\n");
            
            switch (choice) {
              case 1:
                  ipClassD = classFromDecimal(str); 
                  System.out.println("Given IP address belings to Class "+ipClassD);
                  seprate(str,ipClassD);
                break;
              case 2:
                  ipClassB = classFromBinary(str); 
                  System.out.println("Given IP address belings to Class "+ipClassB);
                  seprate(str,ipClassB);
                break; 
              default:
                System.out.println("Enter correct option");
            }
        } 
    }

Answer 1

问题在于获取 input.When 您正在使用 sc.nextInt()，它需要一个整数输入，直到遇到 space.If 它遇到 space，它停止扫描输入。

扫描整数后，扫描仪仍然在同一行，直到我们读取整行才会转到下一行。

所以，得到整数后，使用sc.nextLine()扫描整行输入.

在这里，您可以找到代码。

int choice = sc.nextInt();                 // getting integer
sc.nextLine();                             // passing this line
System.out.print("Enter your address: ");  // scanner is in next Line
String str= sc.nextLine();                 // reading the ip address

Answer 2

它失败的原因是代码 String str= sc.nextLine() 正在消耗来自先前输入的悬挂换行符（当您按 Enter 时）。对于之前的输入，您使用的是 sc.nextInt()，它使用整数值但不使用换行符。

替换

int choice = sc.nextInt();

与

int choice = Integer.parseInt(sc.nextLine());

在 JAVA 中将字符串作为输入时出现问题

Problem in taking a string as an Input in JAVA

java

string

substring

input

stringindexoutofbounds

错误：

下面是我遇到错误的部分代码：

下面是完整代码