从一个数据帧中绘制多条线并添加辅助轴以绘制不同的数据帧 - Pandas

Plotting multiple lines from one dataframe and adding a secondary axis to plot a different dataframe - Pandas

我在使用 matplotlib 时遇到问题。我想制作一个带有两个 y 轴的散点图,这两个轴应该对应于两个不同的数据帧。但是我遇到的问题是从一个数据框中绘制多条线。

第一个数据帧(IV_dv):

**year is the index
year    ninetyeight_x   EC_pmdv     ninetyeight_y   C_pmdv   ninetyeight     B_pmdv
2009    35.69           35.69       39.78           39.78    25.35           25.34
2010    24.0            29.84       31.50           35.64    12.83           19.08
2011    28.43           29.37       31.03           34.10    17.08           18.42
2012    28.24           26.89       37.392          33.31    22.016          17.31
2013    25.83           27.50       27.43           31.95    16.44           18.51

第二个数据帧(rainavg):

year    precip
2010    161.798
2011    64.262
2012    62.991
2013    91.440

我想制作一个散点图,左侧 y 轴为 PM2.5 浓度 (ug/m3),即 EC_pmdv、C_pmdv 和 [=41] 列=] 正在描述。我希望右边的 y 轴是降水量 (mm)。我希望 x 轴为年份。我无法从 IVdv 绘制所有三行(我想绘制 x1=IVdv.year、y1=IVdv.EC_pmdv、x2=IVdv.year、y2=IVdv.C_pmdv、x3=IVdv.year, y3=IVdv.B_pmdv).我知道如何制作两个 y 轴。我附上了我到目前为止编写的代码:

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(x1=IVdv.index, y1=IVdv.EC_pmdv, x2=IVdv.index, y2=IVdv.C_pmdv, x3=IVdv.index,
        y3=IVdv.B_pmdv, color='k', linewidth=2.0, label1='El Centro',
        label2='Calexico', label3='Brawley', marker='v') 
ax.set_xticks(IVdv.index)
ax.title.set_text('PM2.5 Design Values')
ax.set_ylim(0,100)
ax.set_ylabel('PM2.5 Design Value (ug/m3)')
ax.set_xlabel('Year')

ax2=ax.twinx()
ax2.plot(rainavg.year, rainavg.precip, color='c', 
        linewidth=2.0, label='Imperial County annual precipitation', marker='o')
ax2.set_ylim(25,170)
ax2.set_xticks(rainavg.year)
ax2.set_ylabel('Annual Precipitation Average (mm)')
lines_1, labels_1 = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
lines_2, labels_2 = ax2.get_legend_handles_labels()

lines = lines_1 + lines_2
labels = labels_1 + labels_2

ax.legend(lines, labels, loc='upper center')

但是,它只是绘制降雨数据。我不认为这是正确的语法,但我似乎找不到任何东西来回答我的问题。我只找到解释 either 如何从一个数据框绘制多条线 如何绘制两个 y 轴的论坛。

link 说我需要使用 ax=ax 但我不确定如何格式化它同时还保留我的辅助 y 轴。

让我们用pandas绘图更简单:

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,8))
IVdv.plot(ax = ax, marker='v')
ax.title.set_text('PM2.5 Design Values')
ax.set_ylim(0,100)
ax.set_ylabel('PM2.5 Design Value (ug/m3)')
ax.set_xlabel('Year')
ax.set_xticks(IVdv.index)

ax2=ax.twinx()
ax2.plot(rainavg.year, rainavg.precip, color='c', 
        linewidth=2.0, label='Imperial County annual precipitation', marker='o')
ax2.set_ylim(25,170)
# ax2.set_xticks(rainavg.year)
ax2.set_ylabel('Annual Precipitation Average (mm)')
lines_1, labels_1 = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
lines_2, labels_2 = ax2.get_legend_handles_labels()

lines = lines_1 + lines_2
labels = labels_1 + labels_2

ax.legend(lines, labels, loc='upper center')

输出:

针对多个标记样式和无行的更新:

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,8))
markerstyles = ['v','o','+','*','.']
for i, col in zip(markerstyles, IVdv):
    IVdv[col].plot(ax = ax, marker=i, linestyle='none')
    
ax.title.set_text('PM2.5 Design Values')
ax.set_ylim(0,100)
ax.set_ylabel('PM2.5 Design Value (ug/m3)')
ax.set_xlabel('Year')
ax.set_xticks(IVdv.index)

ax2=ax.twinx()
ax2.plot(rainavg.year, rainavg.precip, color='c', 
        linewidth=2.0, label='Imperial County annual precipitation', marker='o')
ax2.set_ylim(25,170)
# ax2.set_xticks(rainavg.year)
ax2.set_ylabel('Annual Precipitation Average (mm)')
lines_1, labels_1 = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
lines_2, labels_2 = ax2.get_legend_handles_labels()

lines = lines_1 + lines_2
labels = labels_1 + labels_2

ax.legend(lines, labels, loc='upper center')

输出: