如何理解这段 GCDWebServer swift 单元测试代码?

How to understand this GCDWebServer swift unit test code?

我遇到过这段代码:

class WebServerTests: XCTestCase {
    let webServer: GCDWebServer = GCDWebServer()
    var webServerBase: String!

    /// Setup a basic web server that binds to a random port and that has one default handler on /hello
    private func setupWebServer() {
        webServer.addHandlerForMethod("GET", path: "/hello", requestClass: GCDWebServerRequest.self) { (request) -> GCDWebServerResponse! in
            return GCDWebServerDataResponse(HTML: "<html><body><p>Hello World</p></body></html>")
        }

我对 webServer.addHandlerForMethod 部分感到困惑。在我看来它已经是一个完整的函数调用(webServer.addHandlerForMethod("GET", path: "/hello", requestClass: GCDWebServerRequest.self))。因此我不明白为什么它后面跟着一个闭包( {(request) -> ...

编辑:澄清我不明白的地方

根据https://github.com/swisspol/GCDWebServer上的文档,obj-c中的函数签名是:

[webServer addDefaultHandlerForMethod:@"GET"
                         requestClass:[GCDWebServerRequest class]
                    asyncProcessBlock:^(GCDWebServerRequest* request, GCDWebServerCompletionBlock completionBlock) {

因此我希望它的 swift 对应物会像这样被调用:

        webServer.addHandlerForMethod("GET", path: "/hello", requestClass: GCDWebServerRequest.self, { (request) -> GCDWebServerResponse! in
            return GCDWebServerDataResponse(HTML: "<html><body><p>Hello World</p></body></html>")
        })

即传入请求的处理作为第三个参数传递。但是由于闭包出现在结束')'之后,它看起来根本不像是函数调用的一部分。

为什么函数签名以这种方式从 obj-c 映射到 swift?

闭包是处理传入请求的地方。当请求 /hello 路径的 GET 方法出现时,它告诉服务器 运行 闭包代码。

在您发布的代码中,闭包中的代码创建了服务器 returns.

的响应

在 Swift 中,如果函数的最后一个参数是闭包,则可以使用此语法。这是 Swift language guide section about closures 中的示例(向下滚动到 尾随闭包 ):

func someFunctionThatTakesAClosure(closure: () -> ()) {
    // function body goes here
}

// here's how you call this function without using a trailing closure:

someFunctionThatTakesAClosure({
    // closure's body goes here
})

// here's how you call this function with a trailing closure instead:

someFunctionThatTakesAClosure() {
    // trailing closure's body goes here
}

然后还有这张便条:

If a closure expression is provided as the function’s only argument and you provide that expression as a trailing closure, you do not need to write a pair of parentheses () after the function’s name when you call the function.

这意味着这样写也是合法的:

someFunctionThatTakesAClosure {
    // closure body
}

… 这有助于提供良好的元编程语法。例如:

let lock = NSLock()

func locked(closure: () -> ()) {
    lock.lock();
    closure()
    lock.unlock();
}

locked {
    NSLog("Hello, world!")
}