django.db.utils.OperationalError: duplicate column name: Email
django.db.utils.OperationalError: duplicate column name: Email
我想创建一个支持两种不同类型用户的 Django 应用程序。为此，我首先通过继承 AbstractUser 来扩展我的用户。有些字段对于我希望我的 Django 应用程序支持的两种类型的用户都是通用的，因此我将这些字段添加到扩展用户模型中。
我的用户模型如下
class User(AbstractUser):
is_a = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a boolean flag to determine if this user is of type a
is_b = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a boolean flag to determine if this user is of type b
Name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
Email = models.EmailField()
MobileNumber = PhoneNumberField(null=False, blank=False, unique=True)
Age = models.PositiveIntegerField()
Gender = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=GenderChoices)
Organisation = models.CharField(max_length=128)
Designation = models.CharField(max_length=128)
def __str__(self):
return self.Name
然后我进行迁移。这是我在这个项目中的第一次迁移。我的迁移文件如下：
# 0001_initial.py
# Generated by Django 2.0.1 on 2020-10-01 17:30
from django.conf import settings
import django.contrib.auth.models
import django.contrib.auth.validators
from django.db import migrations, models
import django.db.models.deletion
import django.utils.timezone
import phonenumber_field.modelfields
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
initial = True
dependencies = [
('auth', '0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length'),
]
operations = [
migrations.CreateModel(
name='User',
fields=[
('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
('password', models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='password')),
('last_login', models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='last login')),
('is_superuser', models.BooleanField(default=False, help_text='Designates that this user has all permissions without explicitly assigning them.', verbose_name='superuser status')),
('username', models.CharField(error_messages={'unique': 'A user with that username already exists.'}, help_text='Required. 150 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.', max_length=150, unique=True, validators=[django.contrib.auth.validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator()], verbose_name='username')),
('first_name', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=30, verbose_name='first name')),
('last_name', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=150, verbose_name='last name')),
('email', models.EmailField(blank=True, max_length=254, verbose_name='email address')),
('is_staff', models.BooleanField(default=False, help_text='Designates whether the user can log into this admin site.', verbose_name='staff status')),
('is_active', models.BooleanField(default=True, help_text='Designates whether this user should be treated as active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.', verbose_name='active')),
('date_joined', models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, verbose_name='date joined')),
('is_a', models.BooleanField(default=False)),
('is_b', models.BooleanField(default=False)),
('Name', models.CharField(max_length=128)),
('Email', models.EmailField(max_length=254)),
('MobileNumber', phonenumber_field.modelfields.PhoneNumberField(max_length=128, region=None, unique=True)),
('Age', models.PositiveIntegerField()),
('Gender', models.CharField(choices=[('M', 'MALE'), ('F', 'FEMALE')], max_length=1)),
('Organisation', models.CharField(max_length=128)),
('Designation', models.CharField(max_length=128)),
],
options={
'verbose_name': 'user',
'verbose_name_plural': 'users',
'abstract': False,
},
managers=[
('objects', django.contrib.auth.models.UserManager()),
],
),
migrations.CreateModel(
# etc. (irrelevant)
当我 运行 'migrate' 执行 'makemigrations' 后，出现以下错误。
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, beergame, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying beergame.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 83, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 301, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
sqlite3.OperationalError: duplicate column name: Email
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
main()
File "manage.py", line 17, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 365, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 335, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 198, in handle
post_migrate_state = executor.migrate(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 117, in migrate
state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 147, in _migrate_all_forwards
state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 122, in apply
operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/models.py", line 92, in database_forwards
schema_editor.create_model(model)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 298, in create_model
self.execute(sql, params or None)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 117, in execute
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 100, in execute
return super().execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 68, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 83, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 301, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: duplicate column name: Email
Django 说有一个重复的电子邮件列。但是根据我的模型和我的迁移 .py 文件，我没有任何重复项。我该如何解决这个问题？
找到答案了。
正如@Willem Van Onsem 在评论中指出的那样，列名不区分大小写。用户模型的电子邮件列和我指定的电子邮件列之间发生了冲突。可以通过从模型中删除电子邮件列或将其重命名为其他名称（如电子邮件地址）来解决此问题。
我想创建一个支持两种不同类型用户的 Django 应用程序。为此，我首先通过继承 AbstractUser 来扩展我的用户。有些字段对于我希望我的 Django 应用程序支持的两种类型的用户都是通用的，因此我将这些字段添加到扩展用户模型中。
我的用户模型如下
class User(AbstractUser):
is_a = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a boolean flag to determine if this user is of type a
is_b = models.BooleanField(default=False) # a boolean flag to determine if this user is of type b
Name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
Email = models.EmailField()
MobileNumber = PhoneNumberField(null=False, blank=False, unique=True)
Age = models.PositiveIntegerField()
Gender = models.CharField(max_length=1, choices=GenderChoices)
Organisation = models.CharField(max_length=128)
Designation = models.CharField(max_length=128)
def __str__(self):
return self.Name
然后我进行迁移。这是我在这个项目中的第一次迁移。我的迁移文件如下：
# 0001_initial.py
# Generated by Django 2.0.1 on 2020-10-01 17:30
from django.conf import settings
import django.contrib.auth.models
import django.contrib.auth.validators
from django.db import migrations, models
import django.db.models.deletion
import django.utils.timezone
import phonenumber_field.modelfields
class Migration(migrations.Migration):
initial = True
dependencies = [
('auth', '0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length'),
]
operations = [
migrations.CreateModel(
name='User',
fields=[
('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
('password', models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='password')),
('last_login', models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='last login')),
('is_superuser', models.BooleanField(default=False, help_text='Designates that this user has all permissions without explicitly assigning them.', verbose_name='superuser status')),
('username', models.CharField(error_messages={'unique': 'A user with that username already exists.'}, help_text='Required. 150 characters or fewer. Letters, digits and @/./+/-/_ only.', max_length=150, unique=True, validators=[django.contrib.auth.validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator()], verbose_name='username')),
('first_name', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=30, verbose_name='first name')),
('last_name', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=150, verbose_name='last name')),
('email', models.EmailField(blank=True, max_length=254, verbose_name='email address')),
('is_staff', models.BooleanField(default=False, help_text='Designates whether the user can log into this admin site.', verbose_name='staff status')),
('is_active', models.BooleanField(default=True, help_text='Designates whether this user should be treated as active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.', verbose_name='active')),
('date_joined', models.DateTimeField(default=django.utils.timezone.now, verbose_name='date joined')),
('is_a', models.BooleanField(default=False)),
('is_b', models.BooleanField(default=False)),
('Name', models.CharField(max_length=128)),
('Email', models.EmailField(max_length=254)),
('MobileNumber', phonenumber_field.modelfields.PhoneNumberField(max_length=128, region=None, unique=True)),
('Age', models.PositiveIntegerField()),
('Gender', models.CharField(choices=[('M', 'MALE'), ('F', 'FEMALE')], max_length=1)),
('Organisation', models.CharField(max_length=128)),
('Designation', models.CharField(max_length=128)),
],
options={
'verbose_name': 'user',
'verbose_name_plural': 'users',
'abstract': False,
},
managers=[
('objects', django.contrib.auth.models.UserManager()),
],
),
migrations.CreateModel(
# etc. (irrelevant)
当我 运行 'migrate' 执行 'makemigrations' 后，出现以下错误。
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, beergame, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
Applying beergame.0001_initial...Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 83, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 301, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
sqlite3.OperationalError: duplicate column name: Email
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
main()
File "manage.py", line 17, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 371, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 365, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 288, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 335, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 198, in handle
post_migrate_state = executor.migrate(
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 117, in migrate
state = self._migrate_all_forwards(state, plan, full_plan, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 147, in _migrate_all_forwards
state = self.apply_migration(state, migration, fake=fake, fake_initial=fake_initial)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 244, in apply_migration
state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 122, in apply
operation.database_forwards(self.app_label, schema_editor, old_state, project_state)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/migrations/operations/models.py", line 92, in database_forwards
schema_editor.create_model(model)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 298, in create_model
self.execute(sql, params or None)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 117, in execute
cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 100, in execute
return super().execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 68, in execute
return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 83, in _execute
return self.cursor.execute(sql)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/backends/sqlite3/base.py", line 301, in execute
return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: duplicate column name: Email
Django 说有一个重复的电子邮件列。但是根据我的模型和我的迁移 .py 文件，我没有任何重复项。我该如何解决这个问题？
找到答案了。
正如@Willem Van Onsem 在评论中指出的那样，列名不区分大小写。用户模型的电子邮件列和我指定的电子邮件列之间发生了冲突。可以通过从模型中删除电子邮件列或将其重命名为其他名称（如电子邮件地址）来解决此问题。