Python Ver-3.9 的 Numpy 安装

Question

我正在尝试安装 NumPy，但我遇到了问题。我使用的 python 版本是 3.9，Windows 版本是 10。错误如下：

C:\>pip3 install numpy
Collecting numpy

Using cached numpy-1.19.2.zip (7.3 MB)

Installing build dependencies ... done

Getting requirements to build wheel ... done

Preparing wheel metadata ... error

ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:

 command: 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\python.exe' 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\arr48\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp0g3__7ax'
     cwd: C:\Users\arr48\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fincp1mj\numpy
Complete output (200 lines):
Running from numpy source directory.
setup.py:470: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command, proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates
  run_build = parse_setuppy_commands()
Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pxd.in
Processing numpy/random\bit_generator.pyx
Processing numpy/random\mtrand.pyx
Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pyx.in
Processing numpy/random\_common.pyx
Processing numpy/random\_generator.pyx
Processing numpy/random\_mt19937.pyx
Processing numpy/random\_pcg64.pyx
Processing numpy/random\_philox.pyx
Processing numpy/random\_sfc64.pyx
Cythonizing sources
blas_opt_info:
blas_mkl_info:
No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
customize MSVCCompiler
  libraries mkl_rt not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

blis_info:
  libraries blis not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

openblas_info:
  libraries openblas not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu', 'intelv', 'absoft', 'compaqv', 'intelev', 'gnu95', 'g95', 'intelvem', 'intelem', 'flang']'
customize GnuFCompiler
Could not locate executable g77
Could not locate executable f77
customize IntelVisualFCompiler
Could not locate executable ifort
Could not locate executable ifl
customize AbsoftFCompiler
Could not locate executable f90
customize CompaqVisualFCompiler
Could not locate executable DF
customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler
Could not locate executable efl
customize Gnu95FCompiler
Could not locate executable gfortran
Could not locate executable f95
customize G95FCompiler
Could not locate executable g95
customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler
customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
Could not locate executable efort
Could not locate executable efc
customize PGroupFlangCompiler
Could not locate executable flang
don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_3_10_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
  libraries tatlas not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_3_10_blas_info:
  libraries satlas not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_blas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_blas_info:
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

accelerate_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

C:\Users\arr48\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fincp1mj\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
    Optimized (vendor) Blas libraries are not found.
    Falls back to netlib Blas library which has worse performance.
    A better performance should be easily gained by switching
    Blas library.
  if self._calc_info(blas):
blas_info:
  libraries blas not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

C:\Users\arr48\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fincp1mj\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
    the BLAS environment variable.
  if self._calc_info(blas):
blas_src_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

C:\Users\arr48\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fincp1mj\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
    Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
    Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
    the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
  if self._calc_info(blas):
  NOT AVAILABLE

non-existing path in 'numpy\distutils': 'site.cfg'
lapack_opt_info:
lapack_mkl_info:
  libraries mkl_rt not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

openblas_lapack_info:
  libraries openblas not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

openblas_clapack_info:
  libraries openblas,lapack not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

flame_info:
  libraries flame not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_3_10_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib
  libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
  libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs
  libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs
<class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_3_10_info:
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib
  libraries satlas,satlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
  libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs
  libraries satlas,satlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs
<class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_threads_info:
Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs
  libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs
<class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_info:
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\
  libraries lapack_atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs
  libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs
<class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
  NOT AVAILABLE

lapack_info:
  libraries lapack not found in ['c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib', 'C:\', 'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\libs']
  NOT AVAILABLE

C:\Users\arr48\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fincp1mj\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1748: UserWarning:
    Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
    Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
    the LAPACK environment variable.
  return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
lapack_src_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

C:\Users\arr48\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fincp1mj\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1748: UserWarning:
    Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
    Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
    numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
    the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
  return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
  NOT AVAILABLE

numpy_linalg_lapack_lite:
  FOUND:
    language = c
    define_macros = [('HAVE_BLAS_ILP64', None), ('BLAS_SYMBOL_SUFFIX', '64_')]

c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\distutils\dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
  warnings.warn(msg)
running dist_info
running build_src
build_src
building py_modules sources
creating build
creating build\src.win-amd64-3.9
creating build\src.win-amd64-3.9\numpy
creating build\src.win-amd64-3.9\numpy\distutils
building library "npymath" sources
error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Build Tools for Visual Studio": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 

'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\python.exe' 

'c:\users\arr48\appdata\local\programs\python\python39\lib\site-

packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 

'C:\Users\arr48\AppData\Local\Temp\tmp0g3__7ax' Check the logs for full command output.

Answer 1

最后几行说：

”错误：需要 Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0。使用“Visual Studio 的构建工具”获取它：https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/"

你有 msvc 14 吗？

Answer 2

numpy 软件包还不包含 Python 3.9 的二进制文件，因此 pip 尝试从源代码编译。正如错误消息所述，这（当然）要求您拥有适当的 C 编译器。这并不简单。 pip 需要 Visual C++ 14.2。 Microsoft 唯一可用的版本是 Visual C++ 2019，a.k.a。版本 16，不适用于 pip。您可以从 https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/older-downloads/ 获取 Visual C++ 2015 a.k.a 版本 14。但似乎只有最新版本是免费的。您可能需要为旧版本付费。即便如此，拥有编译器还是不够的。您必须对其进行配置，这不适用于 faint-hearted.

而是从 Christoph Gohlke 的站点 https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#numpy 下载预先打包的二进制轮。官方 scipy.org 文档推荐此站点。显然你必须选择与你的系统匹配的 .whl 文件。

像这样使用 pip 安装轮子：

pip install D:\Users\<user>\Downloads\numpy-1.19.2+mkl-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl

Python Ver-3.9 的 Numpy 安装

Numpy Installation for Python Ver-3.9

python

windows

installation

python-3.9