获取数组中命令的每一行 bash raspbian

Question

我正在努力提高我的脚本编写技能。我知道有在线转换器正在这样做，但我想制作一个脚本来比较某个文件夹 (/opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts/)，如果 .crt 已经是 .pem 格式，如果不转换它们。

所以我知道这显然不是最好的方法...但我是这样开始的：

`

#!/bin/bash
#remove both files if they already exists
rm crt.txt
rm pem.txt 
#certificate selection in .crt format
Certificate_crt=$(sudo ls /opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts/ | grep .crt | sed 's/\(.*\)\..*//')

#certificate selection in .pem format
Certificate_pem=$(sudo ls /opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts/ | grep .pem | sed 's/\(.*\)\..*//') 

#sending results in text files
echo "$Certificate_crt" >> crt.txt
echo "$Certificate_pem" >> pem.txt

#recovery of certificate names in .crt not having a .pem equivalent
Certificate_crt_WO_pem=$(cat crt.txt | grep -v "$Certificate_pem" | tr " " "\n")
#echo "$Certificate_crt_WO_pem"


#initialisation 

i=0

#Print the split string

for i in "${Certificate_crt_WO_pem[@]}"
do
    name_certificate=$(echo $i | tr " " "\n")  
    echo "${name_certificate[@]}"  
    echo "$i"
    i=i+1   
done

`

问题是，当我的“for”启动时，它将“Certificate_crt_WO_pem”的所有结果存储在数组 $name_certificate[0] 中，然后自行停止。

我想要的是逐行存储“cat crt.txt | grep -v "$Certificate_pem" | tr " " "\n"”的结果到数组name_certificate。

这个数组将用于启动像这样的东西“openssl -in $name_certificate[$i].crt -out $name_certificate[$i].pem PEM”（在 for 循环中将每个 namefile.crt 转换为每个 namefile.pem）。

如果有人能帮助我，我将不胜感激...（是的，我已经尝试在网上搜索，听过一些在线课程，但 none 他们说bash 的数组也一样，所以我有点迷路了...)

Answer 1

What i want is to store, line by line, the result of

那就这样做吧。

var=$(something)
#   ^^ - normal variable assignment

var=(      $(something)      )
#  ^^                        ^ - array assignment
# the unquoted result of expansions is split on IFS
#    default on tabs, newlines and spaces

所以我猜你想要：

Certificate_crt_WO_pem=($(grep -v "$Certificate_pem" crt.txt))

做 cat file | grep 是 useless use of cat。使用 grep .. file 或 < file grep ....

记住do not parse ls output。不要ls | something。更喜欢 globulation 或 find。

阅读how to read a stream line by line in bashfaq. Read how to use arrays in bashfaq。

请注意 grep 解析正则表达式，因此 grep .pem 匹配 任何字符 后跟 pem。我猜你想要 grep '\.pem'。我不认为 grep -v "$Certificate_pem" 做你认为它做的事 - 我猜你打算使用 comm 或 join 来过滤另一个列表中存在的换行符分隔的元素。

This array will be use to launch something like this " openssl -in $name_certificate[$i].crt -out $name_certificate[$i].pem PEM"

最好不要这样做，而是在数据出现时对其进行解析，而不是将它们存储在变量中。

# get all .crt fiels
find /opt/Citrix/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts/ -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -type f -name '*.crt' |
# remove extension
sed 's/\.crt$//' |
# filter out files where .pem does exists already
while IFS= read -r file; do
    if [[ -r "$file".pem ]]; then continue; fi
    printf "%s\n" "$file"
done |
# execute openssl for the rest
xargs -d'\n' -i{} openssl -in {}.crt -out {}.pem PEM

但如果你愿意，可以使用 mapfile 将带有换行符分隔列表的字符串存储到数组中（一定要理解 how to store variables in a pipeline）。

mapfile -t Certificate_crt_WO_pem < <(something)

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